1、Unit 1Unit 1CULTURAL HERITAGECULTURAL HERITAGE Period ThreeDiscovering Useful Structures that2.when3.which4.that；which 5where6.whom; which (注：本系列中凡带有的内容，仅供学有余力的读者选用) 定语从句 一、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 二、定义 1限制性定语从句 (1)关系代词：who，whom，whose，that，which 关系副词：where，when，why，h
2、ow (2)主从句关系紧密，中间不用逗号隔开； (3)定语从句是先行词不可或缺的定语，如果去掉，主句意思不 完整。 This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday. 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。(that/which在定语从句中作宾语， 可省略) I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹。 2非限制性定语从句 (1)除了关系词that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句以外
3、，其 他同限制性定语从句的关系词； (2)从句和主句关系不紧密，去掉从句，主句意思仍完整； (3)从句和主句之间用逗号隔开； (4)翻译时，非限制性定语从句可单独译为一句。 My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well. 我花了几千英镑买的那辆新汽车跑得并不好。(which指代先行 词 my new car) He is English, which I know from his accent. 他是英国人，我是通过他的口音知道的。(which指代整个主句 的内容) 三、关系代词的具体应用
4、用法作主语作宾语作定语 指人 who/that (不可省略) who/whom/that (可省略) whose 指物 which/that (不可省略) which/that (可省略) whose 既指人，也指物thatthat (可省略)whose I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library. 我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。 The dogs were well trained by their masters who/that had g
5、reat experience with caring for these animals. 这些狗是由主人精心训练的，他们在照顾这些动物方面有丰富 的经验。 He lives in the room whose window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房间里。 Do you know the man (whom/who/who/that) we saw at the Beijing Hotel? 你认识我们在北京饭店见到的那个人吗？ 四、关系代词只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况 1先行词是不定代词all, few, any, much, little, eve
6、rything, something, anything, nothing等时。 I am sure she has something (that) you can learn from. 我相信她有你可以学习的东西。 2先行词被不定代词all, few, any, much, little等所修饰时。 All the books that Bob has just bought will be donated to the children. 鲍勃把刚买的所有书都将捐赠给孩子们。 3先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he ha
7、s read. 这是他读过的第一本书。 4先行词被the only, the very(正是，就是), the right(正是，就 是)，the just(正是，就是), the last等所修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 这正是他的那本书。 5先行词中指人又指物时。 They talked about the schools and teachers that they had visited. 他们谈论了他们参观过的学校和拜访过的老师。 6当主句是以which 或who开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man th
8、at is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？ 五、关系代词只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况 1引导非限制性定语从句时。 Football，which is a very interesting game, is popular all over the world. 足球是一项非常有趣的运动，在世界各地都很受欢迎。 2当关系代词前有介词时。 This is the house in which he once lived. 这就是他曾经住过的房子。 六、“介词关系代词”引导定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词 关系代词”引导定语
9、从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。 先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个 结构中，介词的确定的原则是： 1依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来 确定。 He is the man on whom you can rely. 他是你可以信赖的人。 2依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。 Ill never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside. 我永远不会忘记我们在农村一起工作的那一天。 3根据所表达的意思来确定。 The clever boy made a hole
10、in the wall，through which we could see what was happening inside the house. 这个聪明的男孩在墙上挖了一个洞，通过这个洞我们可以看到 房子里发生的事情。 4表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词 of。 Julie was good at German, French and Russian，all of which she spoke fluently. 朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这些她都说得很流利。 【温馨提示】 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如 look after, look fo
11、r等。 七、as引导定语从句 1as用作关系代词时，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中 可作主语、宾语。它常用在the sameas(同一类), suchas结构中。 You should pay more attention to such mistakes as you made last time. 你应该多注意你上次犯的那些错误。 Ill buy the same dictionary as you have. 我要买和你一样的词典。 2as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，as意为“正 如，正像”。as引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达： as we all know 正如大家所知
12、道的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as we expect 正如我们所预料的那样 as you see 如你所见 as has been said before 如前所述 as is wellknown 众所周知 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 追踪练习 .单项选择 ()1.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by _ w
13、e see the world around us. Awhich Bthat Cwhom Dwhere ()2.Lets discuss only such questions _ concern every one of us. AthatBwhich Cas Dwhose ()3.The famous singer, _ is from Britain, has a number of devoted fans in China. AwhichBwho CthatDwhom ()4.The club _ his brother belongs to was set up in 2011.
14、 AthatBwhich CwhenDwhere ()5.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. AthatBwhich CwhenDwhere 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.C .合并句子 1In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme.One of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. _ _ 2The old man has two daughters.Both of
15、them work as teachers. _ _ 3I like the lovely boy.He is fond of playing basketball. _ 【答案】 1In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 2The old man has two daughters, both of whom work as teachers. 3I like the lovely boy who is fond of p
16、laying basketball. 随堂知能小练随堂知能小练 .单句语法填空 1It is reported that two schools, both of _are being built in my home town, will open next year. 2The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen. 3I grew up in a small village _ everybody knew me. 4One afternoon _ I was in primary school, I was walking by the schoo
17、l playground. 5John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members. 6Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. 7Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 8It will take a week for your application to _(pr
18、ocess) 9He dealt with the problem in a highly _(profession) way. 10_(enter) to the museum is free of charge. 【答案】1.which2.that/which3.where 4when5.whom6.where7.who 8be processed9.professional10.Entrance .单项选择 ()1.Do you know the reason _ he is absent today? AthatBwhich CwhyDwhen ()2.He talked happil
19、y about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. AthatBwhich CwhoDwhom ()3.This is all _ I know about the matter. AwhichBwhere CwhenDthat ()4.A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life. AwhichBwho Cas Dwhere ()5.By boat is the only way
20、to get here, _ is how we arrived. AthatBwhich CwhereDit ()6.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. AwhichBwho CthatDas ()7.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. AwhoseBwho CwhomDwhich ()8.Finally he reac
21、hed a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. AthatBwhere CitDwho ()9._ is known to us, fish cant live without water. AItBWhat CWhichDAs ()10.This is the room in _ my grandma used to live. AthatBwhich CwhereDwhen 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.C5.B6.C7. A8.A9.D 10.B .完成句子 1Ill never forget th
22、e day_ _ _ _ _(我入党时) 2The first place _ _ _(他们参观的) in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 3I wish to thank Professor Smith, _ _ _(没有他的帮助) I would never have got this far. 4There is no simple answer, _ _ _ _ _(这是常有的事) in science. 5I dont know the reason _ _ _ _ _ _(他为什么没有来学校)as usual. 【答案】1.when I joined the Party2.that they visited 3without whose help4.as is often the case 5why he didnt come to school
