1、聂老师高考英语讲义 1 UNIT 1 NATURE IN T HE BALANCE Welcome to the unit 1. Let us not , however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory takes its revenge on us. Flatter vt. 奉承， 讨好 自命不凡 adj. 平坦的 Revenge n./vt. 复仇 报复 2. A documentary script 3. Call for th
2、e protection of animals 4. Human race Race 比赛 种族 5. Sound the alarm 敲警钟； 发警报 6. Do harm to 对对.有害有害 harm vt. these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. 13. The forests different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable variety of wildlife. Noun 1 U 居所；住处 Human beings need food, clot
3、hing and shelter.人类有衣、食、住的需求。 2 U (from sth)遮蔽，庇护，避难（避雨、躲避危险或攻击） to take shelter from the storm 躲避暴风雨 The fox was running for the shelter of the trees.狐狸朝树丛跑，想要躲藏起来。 People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.人们拼命地找地方躲避炮火。 3 C (often in compounds 常构成复合词) （尤指用以躲避风雨或攻击的）遮蔽物，庇护处，避难处 a str
4、ucture built to give protection, especially from the weather or from attack They built a rough shelter from old pieces of wood.他们用旧木条搭了一个简陋的窝棚。 an air-raid shelter 防空洞 4 C （无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所，庇护所 a night shelter for the homeless 无家可归者夜间收容所 an animal shelter 动物收容处 14. At the bottom, there is a system of
5、 roots beneath the ground. 聂老师高考英语讲义 5 15. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 16. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees above the ground. towering only before noun 1 高大的；高耸的；屹立的 towering cliffs 高耸的悬崖 2 卓越的；杰出的；出色的 a towe
6、ring performance 出色的表演 3 (of emotions 情感) 强烈的；激烈的 a towering rage 勃然大怒 17. Each level of the forest forms its own world, home to all kinds of living things. adj. 1 活着的；活的 living organisms 活的机体 the finest living pianist 當世的最杰出的钢琴家 2only before noun 在使用的；在实施的 used or practised now living languages (=
7、those still spoken) 现用语言 a living faith 仍有人信奉的信仰 18. More than 1300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the Amazon rainforests life. 19. This jaguar is an example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. 20. Although close to extinction in other areas, jaguars can sti
8、ll survive here. noun U （植物、动物、生活方式等的）灭绝，绝种，消亡 a tribe threatened with extinction/in danger of extinction 面临消亡威胁 / 有消亡危险的部落 聂老师高考英语讲义 6 The mountain gorilla is on the verge of extinction .居住在山区的大猩猩已濒临灭绝。 21. While a significant number of jaguars survive here ,they are only one element of the forests
9、 food chain. noun 部分；数量 part/amount 1C (in/of sth)要素；基本部分；典型部分 a necessary or typical part of sth Cost was a key element in our decision.价钱是我们决策时考虑的主要因素。 The story has all the elements of a soap opera.这个故事是非常典型的肥皂剧题材。 Customer relations is an important element of the job.与客户的关系是这个工作的重要部分。 2C, usuall
10、y sing. of surprise, risk, truth, etc.少量；有点；有些 We need to preserve the element of surprise.我们得保留一些使人感到意外的东西。 There appears to be an element of truth in his story.他的说法似乎有点道理。 集团 group of people 3C, usually pl. （大团体或社会中的）一组，一群，一伙 a group of people who form a part of a larger group or society moderate/
11、radical elements within the party 党内的温和派 / 激进派 unruly elements in the school 学校里难管教的人 化学 chemistry 4C 元素（如金、氧、碳） 5C 要素（旧时认为土、空气、火和水是构成一切物质的四大要素） 6the elementspl. （尤指恶劣的）天气 the weather, especially bad weather Are we going to brave the elements and go for a walk?我们要冒着风雨去散步吗？ to be exposed to the eleme
12、nts 经受风吹雨打 7elementspl. （学科的）基本原理，基础，纲要 同义词： basics He taught me the elements of map-reading.他教我看地图的基本方法。 环境 environment 8C, usually sing. （尤指动物的）自然环境，适宜的环境 a natural or suitable environment, especially for an animal Water is a fishs natural element.水是鱼的天然生活环境。 电器元件 electrical part 9C 电热元件；电热丝 the p
13、art of a piece of electrical equipment that gives out heat The kettle needs a new element.这个电壶需要一根新电热丝。 聂老师高考英语讲义 7 22. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. 23. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and seeds. In turn 相应地 转而 1）turn out“结果;证明是”（2）turn around 转身;翻转 （3）tu
14、rn to 求助于 （4）turn against 与反目,背叛 （5）turn.away 不准进入 （6）turn in 上交;交还 （7）turn over 打翻;移交 （8）turn down 关小(音量等);拒绝 （9）turn up 出现,到场,出席;调大(音量等) 选 turn 短语的合适形式填空 (1) She refused to _ the noisy music when her neighbors wanted to sleep. The neighbors had no choice but _ the police for help. (2) It _ that th
15、e conference was held as scheduled. However, people without permission _ for the sake of safety. Telephones were forbidden, so whoever attended the meeting should _ their mobile phones. Suddenly, surrounded by several guards, the president _. She was so exciting that she _ the bottle of water in fro
16、nt of her. Everyone _ to see what happened. She stood up immediately and swore it was only a coincidence and nothing could _ her _ her country. 【参考答案】(1) turn down; to turn to (2) turned out; were turned away; turn in; turn up; turned over; turn around; turn, against 24. When jaguar dies, a tiny arm
17、y of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 1. （机器或车辆）出毛病，损坏 Their car broke down.他们的车子出故障了。 2 PHRASAL VERB （讨论、关系或系统）失败，破裂，失灵（讨论、关系或系统）失败，破裂，失灵 Talks with business leaders broke down last night.昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。 3PHRASAL VERB 分解；将分解；将分成若干部分分成若干部分 The report br
18、eaks down the results region by region.报告将调查结果按地区分成若干部分。 4 PHRASAL VERB-ERG （使）（物质）分解（使）（物质）分解 Over time, the protein in the eggshell breaks down into its constituent amino acids. 聂老师高考英语讲义 8 时间久了，蛋壳中的蛋白质就会分解为其构成成分氨基酸。 5PHRASAL VERB 感情感情失控（痛哭起来）失控（痛哭起来） Because he was being so kind and concerned, I
19、broke down and cried.他如此体贴关心，令我忍不住失 声痛哭。 6PHRASAL VERB 捣毁；拆除捣毁；拆除 An unruly mob broke down police barricades and stormed the courtroom.一伙暴徒捣毁了警察设置的 路障冲进法庭。 7PHRASAL VERB 消除，破除（障碍或偏见）消除，破除（障碍或偏见） His early experience enabled him to break down barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants. 他早年的经
20、历使他能够消除苏格兰天主教徒和新教徒之间的隔阂。 break away (from.) 逃脱；脱离 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入 break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等) break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等) break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束 break through 突破 【即时训练】 . 语法填空 (1)The students are required to break _ from these bad habits. (2)It was reported that the f
21、ire broke_during the mid- night. (3)She broke _ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. (4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken _the office during the night. . 完成句子 (5) Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. (6) If the ca
22、r should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. (7) You will break down if you take on more work than you can. (8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 【参考答案】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解 (6 出故障 (7) 身体垮掉 (8) 失败 25. Th
23、e amazon rainforest breaths life into the planet into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of the all the Earths oxygen. Breath life into.给。 。 。 。注入新的活力 聂老师高考英语讲义 9 It is the readers who breathe life into a newspaper with their letters. 是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。 26. Thus, it is often kn
24、own as the lungs of the planet. 27. Moreover, the Amazon Forest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food and medicine. 28. Yet, there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals:us. Irreplaceable adj. (因贵重或独特)不能替代的 29. In the past few years, 17 per cent of the rainf
25、orests has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. agriculture nounU 农业；农学；农艺 【派生词】agricultural adj. 30. As the impact of human activities continues to grow, and list of the species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question：can we afford
26、to damage the lungs of the planet？ noun C, usually sing., U 1 (of sth) (on sb/sth)巨大影响；强大作用 the environmental impact of tourism 旅游事业对环境的巨大影响 2 撞击；冲撞；冲击力 The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。 Due to 由于 Building your language 1. Its soil is surprisingly poor in nutrients. 2. O
27、nly desert plants can survive in it. 聂老师高考英语讲义 10 3. Most of the forests nutrients are locked up in the plants , thus allowing them to grow at an unbelievable speech. Grammar 1. leave out 省略 leave out the details 省略细节 2. I highly recommend it. Recommendation n. 推荐 3. global adj. 全球的 global warming 全
28、球变暖 4. It may lead to extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves. 5. greenhouse gases 温室气体 6. leading experts on environmental issues 一流的有关环境问题的专家 7. Call for 公开需求，需要 呼吁 We support the call for the enactment of a Bill of Rights. Ill call for you at 7 oclock. A truck driver used his CB radio to call
29、 for help. 8. Application n. 申请，运用 A letter apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n. 申请(书);应用 applicant n. 申请人，应聘人 of application 申请信 9. Make a brochure 做一个小册子 The contents of this booklet should be of use to all students 10. Had planned to do sth 本来打算做某事 11. Keep away from 远离 12. Be dev
30、oted to 贡献于 13. What if.?要是。 。 。 。怎么样/ 聂老师高考英语讲义 11 What if the parachute doesnt open? 14. Stop sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 15. At the entrance to some place 去某地的入口 16. Divide,into,分成 17. Clean up 打扫干净 18. It was Absolutely worth our efforts. 完全地，绝对地 19. Worth 这家博物馆值得参观。 This museum is worth a visit. 1 有价
31、值；值钱 2 sth/doing sth 20. Sign up for 报名参加 I am going to sign up for a yoga class. 我要报名瑜伽课程。 Integrated skills 1. Cause increasing harm to animals 2. When you think of a fearsome hunters, images of lions may spring to mind. Awesome 令人敬畏的令人敬畏的 troublesome 麻烦的麻烦的 Spring N. 春天;春季 弹簧;发条 泉;泉水 Vi. 跳;跃;蹦 突然
32、活跃起来;突然出现 3. Humans are the most fearsome hunters who have the greatest impact on animal population. 4. Human activities have brought many animals close to extinction. 聂老师高考英语讲义 12 5. In the last 500 years, 300 species of animals have gone extinct. 6. Other activities impact indirectly on . 7. Deer
33、are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sports. 8. We destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live. 9. We can put animals in danger without entering their habitats. 10. Partly due to pollution caused by ship traffic . due to= as a result of = because of+
34、n. 因为 11. As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. So do/can/is sb Neither do/can/is sb Extended reading 1. Joining us in the studio tonight are james smith, a local resident; vincent brown, senior manager of a local factory; and julie archer, chief of . 完全倒装
35、句式完全倒装句式 1. Senior 高级别的；年老的 be superior to.比高明/高级 be superior in在方面占优势 be inferior to.低于 be senior to.比年长/资历深 be junior to.比年幼/资历浅 superiority n. 优越(性);优势 【温馨贴士】 聂老师高考英语讲义 13 superior, inferior, senior, junior 这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词 to。 【即时训练】 I. 单句语法填空 1. (2016 浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfyi
36、ng because it gives people a sense of belonging or even _ (superior). 2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not because they think their thoughts are superior _ others. 3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior _ strength. 【参考答案】 1. superiority 2.to 3. i
37、n II. 同义句转换 My brother is three years older than I. My brother _ _ _ me by three years. 【参考答案】 is senior to 2. Norgates rapid development has had significant environmental costs. 3. It is been awful. 4. Heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different. 5. The river is dirty an
38、d smelly. The smog in the air has coloued the sky a smoky grey, its given me a cough that i cant get rid of. 2. Get rid of 拜托，丢弃 get across (sth.) 通过(某物) get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人);被(某人)理解 get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事; (向某人)传达某事 get around/about 各处走动; (消息)传开,传播 get down to 开始认真做某事; 着手处理 get
39、off 下车; 离开; 动身; 下班 get over 克服;摆脱某种情绪;从恢复; 痊愈 get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 处理掉 get through 做完; 办完; 看完; 吃完; 通过(考试); 接通电话(to sb.) 【即时训练】 聂老师高考英语讲义 14 用 get 相关短语的正确形式填空 1. (2018 北京卷) So far there is no effective way to _ plastic， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 2.
40、 The teacher tried to explain the problem, but his explanation did not _to the class. 3. The news _ as quickly as possible. 4. Stop talking! Lets _ work. 5. I tried to _ the Complaints Department, but failed. 【参考答案】 1. get rid of 2. get across 3. got around 4. get down to 5.get into 6. He protested
41、against heavy industry. Would you like to respond? 7. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profit. profit n. 利润;收益 vi. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的 【同】 profit v. 有益于； 获利 n. 利润； 利益 8. In defence of the factory,
42、. in defence of为辩护;防卫 (1) in ones defence 为某人辩护;保卫 self- defence n. 自卫;正当防卫 (2) defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩护 defend.from/against 保卫(使不受伤害) defend oneself 自卫 (3) defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的; 辩护的;自卫的 【即时训练】 语境串词 (1) Its necessary for us to take _ measures to _ ourselves.(defend) (2) 他找不到任何词语为他自己辩护，但是我必须为她说句话,他工作十分
43、努力，我们应该保护他不受攻击。 He cant say anything his action. However, I must say that she works very hard. We should _ being attacked. 聂老师高考英语讲义 15 【参考答案】 (1) defensive; defend (2) in defence of/to defend; in his defence; defend him against 9. We are deeply concerned about the environment. 10. Weve been talking
44、 various measures,.even though these measures raise our production costs. 11. With pollution levels on the rise, we are searching for ways to fight the problem. What are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? 12. Our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We h
45、ave to achieve a balance between .and . 13. Weve made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. 14. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in environmentally friendly way. 15. It has to
46、 be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule; reduce, reuse and recycle. 16. Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth.these are one and the same fight. One and the same 同一个人（人或物） 。起强调 17. The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.
