1、Unit 2 Nature disasters 重点句型 1. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间,布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的最好时机。 句式剖析：本句为主从复合句。 The moment the shaking stopped 中的 The moment 是引导的时间状语 从句 Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to mak
2、e their escape. 省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句,属于its time for sb. to do sth. 句型 拓：the moment/minute/second/instant +从句 名词短语 the moment/minute/second/instant 可用作连词,引导时间状语 从句,相当 于 as soon as,意为一.就 例：Every day my mother sets about her housework the moment she returns from work. 每天我妈妈一下班回来就开始做家务。 I recognized him th
3、e instant I saw him. 我一见到他就认出他来了。 归纳拓展：表示一.就的其他表达: as soon as +句子 immediately/instantly +句子 hardly/scarcely. when. (主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时) no sooner. than. (主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时) on/upon + v-ing/n. 例：Written for children, the book became popular with parents immediately it came out. 这本书是为孩子写的，一出版就深受父母欢迎。 W
4、e were all struck by the beautiful scenes of Shangri-La upon arrival. 一到达香格拉，我们都被那里的美景迷住了。 特别提醒：如果 no sooner,hardly/scarcely 位于句首，其所在的主句要 使用部分倒装。 例：No sooner had we reached the seaside than we sat in a circle and started our picnic 我们一到海边就围成一圈开始野餐。 Hardly/Scarcely had we begun our walk when it began
5、 to rain. 我们刚刚开始散步就下起雨来了。 2. She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking. 她提醒父母有危险,尽管起初他们以为她在开玩笑。 句式剖析： 本句为主从复合句， though 在此引导让步状语从句。 though 意为虽然,尽管,用来引导让步状语从句时,从句可以倒装也可以不倒 装。 用倒装语序时,作表语的名词或形容词要提前,且可数名词单数前 的冠词要省略。 though 不能与 but 连用,但可以与 yet, still 等连用。 thoug
6、h 引导让步状语从句时通常可以和 although 互换。 例：Young though he is, he is quite experienced. 他虽然年轻,但很有经验。 Child thouheishe has had a good command of English. 他虽然是个孩子,但已经精通英语。 Though/Although it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 特别提醒：although 引导让步状语从句时，多位于句首，且从句用正 常语序。 例：Althou
7、gh he was tired, he still kept on working. 他尽管已经很累了，但仍然继续工作。 3. However, certain that a terrible disaster was coming, Sabrina insisted that they talk to a safety officer. 然而,塞布丽娜确定一场可怕的灾难即将来临,她坚持要他们去找安全 员谈谈。 句式剖析：本句为主从复合句。certain that. was coming 为形容词短 语作状语；insisted 后是 that 引导的宾语从句。 详解：(1)形式：可以是单个的形
8、容词，也可以是形容词短语。 (2) 位置:通常位于句首或句末,有时位于句中。位于句首时,一 般用逗号与句子其 他成分隔开;位于句末时,可隔开也可不隔开。 (3) 作用:用于说明主语的状态或表示原因、方式、伴随等。 例：Thirsty and eager to have a rest, she went into the restaurant and seated herself at a table by the window. 由于口渴而且渴望休息,她走进饭店,在靠窗的桌子旁坐了下来。 Silent, they sat in the corner, reading books. 他们没有说话
9、,只是坐在角落里看书。 The children rushed to the front, excited and overjoyed. 孩子们跑到了前面,既激动又欣喜若狂。 4. Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯 布朗正在上课，这时地板开始摇晃。 句式剖析：when 在此作并列连词，引出一个突然发生的动作,相当于 and then 或 and at that time。 例：I was walking hom
10、e when a driver kindly gave me a lift. 我正往家走着,这时一位司机好心地让我搭个车。 拓：Sb. was/were about to do. when.某人 正要做这时 Sb. was/were on the point of doing. when.某人正要做这时 Sb. had just done. when.某人刚做 完这时 5. At the same time, Miss Brown quick- ly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the sha- kin
11、g and could not open. 同时,布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 句型剖析： in case 通常引导条件或目的状语从句， 后面是完整的句子。 in case of 是介词短语，后面只跟名词性质的词，比如名词、代词等。 拓：in case of emergency 万一发生紧急情况 in the latter case 在后一种情况下 a classic case 典型的案例 relate to the case 与案件有关 in most cases 在多数情况下 in no case 在任何情况下都不，决不(位于句首时表示强调，句子 用部分倒装结
12、构) 6. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 震动停止的那一刻，布朗小姐意识到这是全班同学逃走的最佳时机。 析：It is time for sb. to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了。这类句子中的 不定式是定语。 类似地，下面句子中带逻辑主语的不定式以及 that 从句也是定语: It is time for the children to go to bed. It is time for me to bu
13、y a new suit. It is time for us to leave for home. It is time that the children went to bed. It is time that I bought a new suit. It is time that we left for home. 拓：Its(high/about) time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth. “某人该做某 事了” 中, should 不可省略,相当于 Its (high/ about) time for sb. to do sth. 7. S
14、he signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line with their hands on their heads. 她示意学生们抱着头, 排好队,有序离开教室。 析： with their hands on their heads 是with复合结构， 此处作伴随状语。 构成:with+宾语+宾补 用法：常在句中作定语和状语。作状语时表示原因、方式、时间、条 件或伴 随等。 具体形式主要有:现在分词(主动或正在进行) 过去分词(被动或已经完成) 动词不定式(尚未发生) 形容词/副词/介词短语 例：Do y
15、ou know the lady with a baby in her arms? 你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗? He lay on the grass, with his eyes look- ing at the sky. 他躺在草地上,眼睛望着天空。 With so much work to do, I cant go on holiday. 有这么多工作要做,我不能去度假。 With his hair cut, he looked much youn- ger. 由于理了发,他看起来年轻多了。 8. The hurricane must have caused a lot of dam
16、age and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。 析: must have done 的用法: must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测,意为想必/准是/一 定做了某事,仅用于肯定句中 例：The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了,你的眼睛都红了。 归纳拓展： must 表示推测时常用结构: Must +do 表示对现在的推测
17、must +be doing 表示对正在进行的动作的推测 Must +have done 表示对过去的事情的推测 9. It was making her nervous.这使她感到紧张。 句式剖析：本句为简单句，make her nervous 为make +宾语+形容词 结构, 形容词 nervous 在此作宾补。make 在此作使役动词,意为“使 , 其宾语通常是名词或代词,宾补常用形容词、 不带 to 的不定式、 名词、 过去分词等。 注意:make 后的宾补不能用现在分词。 具体用法如下: (1)make +名词/代词+形容词,表示使变得。 例：The news that our t
18、eam had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 (2)make +名词/代词+名词,表示使某人/某物成为,如果宾补是表示 独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则其前不用冠词。 例：Most singers make music their career. 很多歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。 We made him leader of our team.我们让他当队长。 (3)make +名词/代词+不带 to 的动词不定式,表示使某人/某物做某事。 注意: 该结构用于被动语态时,不定式符号 to 要还原 。 例：What he said made al
19、l of us laugh. (被动语态)All of us were made to laugh by what he said. 他的话让我们都笑起来 My legs just werent made to run like his. 我的腿就是不像他那样能跑。 (4)make +名词/代词+过去分词,表示使某人/某物被。构成过去 分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 例：Im not very good at German, but I can make myself understood. 我的德语不太好,但我能清楚地表达自己的意思 特别提醒： 当宾语是不定式(的复合
20、结构)或从句时,常用 it 作形式宾语,而把真正 的宾语后置，即构成make +it+宾补(+for sb.)+不定式/从句。 例：The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 The man made it clear that he wouldnt accept the task. 这个人说得很清楚,他不会接受这个任务。 10. Floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall. 洪水并不总是由强降雨引起的。 析：总括性代词或副词与 not 连用时,表示部分否定。这
21、类总括性词有 all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, everywhere, always, altogether 等。 例：Not all birds can fly. =All birds cant fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。 Both of them are not reliable. = Not both of them are reliable. 他们两个人并非都可靠。 拓：全部否定: none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never 等表示全部 否定意义的词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时
22、,表示全部否定。 例：None of my friends came. 我的朋友一个都没来。 We know nothing about her family. 我们对她的家庭一无所知。 11. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their import- ant documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报， 而妈妈正在把他们的重要文件和避 难物资装进一个袋子里。 析：while 可用作并列连词，表示对比或相
23、反，意为“然而，而”，放 在两个分句之间。 拓：(1)while“在期间，当时候”, 引导时间状语从句时，从句 谓语动词只能用延续性动词,此时它等同于 when。 例：While/When he was in Paris, he developed a taste for art. 在巴黎期间,他培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。 (2) while 可用作从属连词,引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，放 在句首。 例：While I understand you, I dont agree with you. 尽管我理解你,可我不同意你的观点。 12. What if Mary and her par
24、ents try to leave their house? 如果玛丽和她的父母试图离开他们的房子怎么办？ 析：What if.?= What would happen if.? What/How about.? 怎么样? (用于提出建议或引出话题) 例：What for?为什么? So what?那又如何? /那又怎么样? Whats up?怎么了? /出什么事了? Guess what?你猜怎么着? How come?怎么会呢? (表示惊讶) 13. Its ashy rocks, first dark, then light as the clouds passed by, told a
25、 story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 随着云雾飘过,原先黑暗的火山岩明亮了起来,讲述着过去火山几度喷 发的故事,这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们,灾难即将降临! 句式剖析：本句的结构分析如下： Its ashy rocks, first dark, then light as the clouds passed by told a story of past eruptions what to come.中的 What 引导的宾语从句,含有 be to do 结构， that migh
26、t have warned the city (what was to come)!中的 that 引导 的定语从句,包含 might have done 结构 析：(一)might/may have done结构： (1) 表示过去本可以做而实际并没有做， 含有轻微的责备或惋惜之意。 例：I think you might have told us half an hour ago. 我想你本可以在半小时之前告诉我们的。 （2）表示对过去发生的事情的推测,表示或许已经做了某事。 例：You may have read about it in the newspaper. 你可能已经在报纸上看
27、到了这件事。 If I had written the letter, I might have worded it differently. 如果换作我写这封信,我或许会用不同的措辞 （二）be to do结构 该结构表示将来,主要有以下三方面的含义: (1) 表示注定要发生的或不可避免会发生的事情。 例：The discovery is to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease. 这一发现将又心脏病的治疗产生重大影响。 (2) 表示按照计划、安排即将发生某事或者打算做某事。 例：We are to meet at th
28、e school gate.我们将在学校门口见面。 He said he was to finish the work in a week. 他说他将在一周之内完成这项工作。 (3) 表示意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minut 孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉并保持安静。我们的客人五分钟之内就要 到了。 He said no one was to leave the building without the polices permission. 他说没有警察的允许，没有一个人可以离开这幢楼。 特别提醒：be to do结构中,若 do 与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关 系,不定式要用 to done 的形式。 例：The meeting is to be held next Monday.会议将于下周一举行。
