1、UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES Section D Listening and Talking， Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 核心词汇核心词汇 词汇一词汇一 disguise （1）vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖装扮；假扮；掩盖 （2）n. 伪装；化装用具伪装；化装用具 教材原句 Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village. 一天清晨，国王乔装打扮去了当地的一个村庄。 要点必记 in disguise 伪装；乔装 d
2、isguise sb. as 把某人伪装成 a blessing in disguise 塞翁失马 in the disguise of 伪装，假扮成；托辞；以为借口 题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现The respected prince was really a beggar disguise. （2） He disguised himself a woman for fun. （3） He went about the disguise of a sailor. 单句写作 （4） Nobody knows me in that motorbike. Im （乔装打扮）. （5
3、） Ali Baba did not recognise the robber （假扮成）an oil merchant. in as in in disguise in the disguise of 词汇二词汇二 pick oneself up（跌倒后）站起来（跌倒后）站起来 教材原句 He picked himself up and angrily went away. 他站起来，生气地走开了。 要点必记 pick up 好转，增强；继续，重新开始 pick sth./sb. up 接人，取物；捡起；无意中学会；感染；得到；接收（信号等） pick up a coin 捡起一枚硬币 pi
4、ck up the phone 接起电话 pick up sb. 开车接某人 pick up French 习得法语 pick up bad habits 染上坏习惯 pick up a signal 接收信号 pick up speed 加速 归纳拓展 pick out 精心挑选；辨认出 写出下列句中pick up 的含义 （1） He drove to the airport to pick up his daughter Jane. _ （2） When bending to pick up the book on the floor，his back hurt. _ （3） Its s
5、urprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly. _ （4）词汇复现Much to our joy，we can pick up the BBC World Service at home. _ （5）词汇复现Not long after the operation，Jim picked up soon. _ （6）词汇复现Though tripping over a box，he quickly picked himself up and went on running. _ 开车去接开车去接 捡起，拾起捡起，拾起 学会学会
6、好转好转 接收接收 （跌倒后）站起来（跌倒后）站起来 词汇三词汇三 trip over 被绊倒 教材原句 One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. 一位妇女被石头绊倒了，她的水壶哗啦一声掉在地上。 要点必记 trip vi. 绊倒，跌倒；作短途旅行 n. （尤指短程往返的）旅行 trip sb. up 将某人绊倒 on a trip 在旅途中 business trip 公务旅行，出差；商务旅行 round/return trip 往返旅行/ 回程 take/make/go o
7、n a trip 旅游；去旅行 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现Move this box elsewhere or someone might trip _it. （2） When I passed，he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me . （3） She （trip）and fell，breaking her glasses. （4）词汇复现In the past decade，weve made several trips Dali. 单句写作 （5） If you leave your shoes lying around like that，_
8、（你会被它们绊倒的）. up over tripped to youll trip over them 词汇四词汇四 in tears 流着泪；含着泪流着泪；含着泪 教材原句 She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。 要点必记 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight back tears 忍住眼泪 tears of joy 欢乐的泪水 be bathed in tears 泪流满面 be moved to tears 感动得流泪 hold back ones tears 忍住泪水 be c
9、lose to tears 快流泪了 词语积累 tear v.（ tore，torn）撕破；撕掉，拔掉 tear apart 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎（文件等） tear at 撕扯；撕裂 tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开 单句语法填空 （1） The boy stood there，looking at his mother tears. （2） It was such a sad film that we were moved tears. （3）词汇复现He burst tears when he knew tha
10、t his colleague suffered a lot. （4）词汇复现Hearing that the operation was a success，tears joy streamed down her face. 单句写作 （5） She couldnt （忍住眼泪）when she heard the news. （6） He was enjoying the fun and couldnt （使自己依 依不舍地离开）. （7） A lot of the old tower blocks have been （拆毁）to make way for new housing. in
11、 to into of hold back her tears tear himself away from torn down 词汇五词汇五 in despair 处于绝望中处于绝望中 教材原句 The king was in despair，“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?” 国王绝望了，“难道这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护他们的邻居不受伤害吗?” 要点必记 despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望 be the des
12、pair of sb. 令某人担心/ 绝望 be driven to despair 被逼得走投无路 a sense of despair 绝望感 词语积累 despairing adj. 感到绝望的 a despairing cry/look 一种绝望的呼声/ 神情 单句语法填空 （1） He gave up the struggle despair. （2） My handwriting was the despair my teachers. （3）With every day that passed he became even more （despair）. 单句写作 （4） （一种
13、深深的绝望感）flooded him. （5） （从他绝望的神情判断），he must have been rejected. （6） （不要绝望）! We will think of a way out of this. in of despairing A deep sense of despair Judging from his despairing look Dont despair 词汇六词汇六 harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害伤害；损害 要点必记 be of great harm 危害极大的 do harm to sb./sth.（=do sb./sth. harm）对某人
14、/ 某物有害 mean no harm 没有恶意 There is no harm in（ones）doing sth.=There is no harm（for sb.）to do sth. （某人）做某事无妨/ 无害。 词语积累 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 be harmful to 对有害 be harmless to 对无害 词语辨析 injure，hurt，wound 与 harm injure 指在事故或打斗中受伤。 hurt 指肉体伤害或感情伤害。 wound 指用刀、枪等武器伤害。 harm 指伤害人的健康、权利、事业等。 单句语法填空
15、 （1） Try to choose products that do the least harm the environment. （2） Staying up too often will be great harm to peoples health. （3） As a matter of fact，in and of itself，the Internet is （harm）. （4） Most children are fond of sweets but they may be （harm）to their teeth. 单句写作 （5）词汇复现The boy apologise
16、d in tears，saying that he （没有恶意）. （6） He may disagree，but （无害）asking. 辨析填空（injure/hurt/wound/harm） （7） Reading in the sun will your eyes. （8）词汇复现Five people were killed and a majority were seriously in the attack. （9） Luckily she was not badly in the accident and we took her to the nearest hospital.
17、 （10）He ignored her on purpose，which her feelings. to of harmless harmful meant no harm there is no harm in harm wounded injured hurt 词汇七词汇七 a great deal（of）大量）大量 教材原句 After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. 经过很大的努力，她终于成功地把它搬到了街道的一边。 要点必记 a great de
18、al of + n. U大量的 a great deal 大量，非常（可以单独使用，也可以修饰形容词、副词的比较级） 归纳拓展 表示“许多”的词（组） 修饰可数名词：many，many a，several，a couple of，（a）few，a great/good many，a good/great/large number of 修饰不可数名词：much，（a）little，a large amount of，amounts of（谓语用复 数） 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词：a lot of，lots of，a quantity of， quantities of （谓语用复
19、数），plenty of 单句语法填空 （1） A great deal of attention （be）being paid today to childrens education. （2）词汇复现Typically，fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of _ （patient）. （3） It takes a great deal bravery to stand up to your enemies，but a great deal_ （much） to stand up to your colleagues. 辨析填空（
20、a number of/a great deal of） （4） work has been done to improve our living environment. （5）词汇复现 students have been sent to help harvest rice on the farm. is patience of more A great deal of A number of 词汇八词汇八 belong to 属于属于 教材原句 “ Oh sir,” the girl said，“does this gold belong to you?.” “哦，先生，”女孩说，“这些
21、金币是你的吗？” 要点必记 （1）belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有 belong to a club 是俱乐部的成员 （2）belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物 a sense of belonging 归属感 personal belongings（pl.）个人财物，私人用品 误区警示 belong to 既无被动语态，也不用于进行时态。但可用现在分词作后置定语。 to 是介词，后面跟名词或人称代词宾格作宾语而不能跟名词所有格或者物主代词。 单句语法填空 （1） I really dont know whom this computer belongs.
22、（2）词汇复现The car belonging to （he）was seriously broken in a traffic accident. （3） The house （belong）to me stands in the centre of the city. （4） I just escaped from the flood and all my belongings （sweep）away. 单句写作 （5） Living abroad，he doesnt have （归属感）. （6）词汇复现Do you think these boxes of medicine （ 属于
23、）that clinic? to him belonging were swept a sense of belonging belong to 词汇九词汇九 income n. 收入；收益收入；收益 教材原句 According to a recent survey，the staff of doctors believed their incomes did not match how hard they worked. 根据最近的一项调查，医生们认为他们的收入与工作的努力程度不相称。 要点必记 a high/large income 高收入 a low/small income 低收入
24、the average income 平均收入 have an income of 有的收入 a source of income 收入来源 词语辨析 income，pay，salary 与 wage income 指收入、收益、所得。 pay 指工资、薪水。 salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。 wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现The physician （ 收入很高）. （2） We （有的收入）over 100，000 a year. （3） （平均收入）has risen by 45% over the past year. （4） （低收入者
25、）find it difficult to pay their fuel bills. 辨析填空（income/pay/salary/wage） （5） Teachers will be awarded a 6% increase this year. （6） For most people， are the main source of . has a high/large income have an income of The average income People on low incomes pay/salary wages income 词汇十词汇十 lie in 在于在于 教
26、材原句 If you see no reason for giving thanks，the fault lies in yourself. 如果你找不到感恩的理由，那是你自己的错。 要点必记 lie in bed 躺在床上 lie in 睡懒觉（=sleep in） lie in ruins 成为废墟 lie in wait for（sb.）埋伏以待（某人） 词语辨析 lie v. （lay，lain，lying）躺；位于 lie on ones stomach 趴着 lie on ones back 仰面躺着 lie down 躺下 lie v. & n. （lied，lied，lying
27、）撒谎 tell a lie 撒谎 a white lie 一个善意的谎言 lay vt. （laid，laid，laying）放置；产卵，下蛋 lay down 放下；停止使用 单句语法填空 （1） At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River （lie） Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China. （2）词汇复现With the baby （lie）on her laps，she was reading her a story. （3）词汇复现With
28、the young man assisting her，she （lay）down the heavy box on the table. （4）词汇复现In despair，he （lie）down，tears filling his eyes. （5）词汇复现He （lie）to me that he tripped over a rock and had his legs broken. 单句写作 （6） His progress in study （在于）the good use he made of his spare time. （7） It goes without saying
29、 that failure often （ 在于懒惰）while hard work leads to success. （8）词汇复现The physician asked him to （趴下）. lies lying laid lay lied lies in lies in laziness lie on his stomach 词汇十一词汇十一 concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于集中精力于；全神贯注于 教材原句 If you concentrate on what you dont have，you will never，ever have enough. 如果你专
30、注于你所没有的，你将永远不会满足。 要点必记 concentrate.on. 集中于，把注意力集中于 concentrate ones efforts/attention on.集中精力/ 注意力于 归纳拓展 类似表示“专心于，致力于”的短语还有： be lost in 埋头于 be buried in 埋头于 devote oneself to 致力于（=be devoted to） be absorbed in 全神贯注于 focus（ones attention）on 集中（注意力）于 fix ones attention on 集中注意力于 单句语法填空 （1） Im concentr
31、ating my efforts preparing for tomorrows interview. （2） I decided to concentrate my efforts on （find）a good job. 单句写作 （3） All these worries made it impossible for her to （集 中精力于）her work. （4）With all the noise going on in the caf，I cant _ （集中我的注意力于）my writing. 一句多译: 她试图集中精神工作。 （5） She tries to .（con
32、centrate） （6） She tries to .（focus） （7） She tries to .（devote） on finding concentrate/focus on concentrate/focus my attention on concentrate on her work focus on her work devote herself to her work 重点句式重点句式 句式一句式一 独立主格结构独立主格结构 教材原句 After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of wa
33、ter on her head. 过了一会儿，来了一群妇女，每人头上顶着一壶水。 句式分析 句中的each balancing a pot of water on her head 是“代词+ v. -ing”构成的独立主格。 其中each 是逻辑 主语，即动作的发出者。 要点必记 独立主格的构成：名词/ 代词+ 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式/ 形容词/ 副词/介词短语。 作用：在句中充当时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语。 特点：逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，一般用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 “there + being”结构 这种结构多放在句首，常表示原因，其中being 不可省略。 单句语法
34、填空 （1）词汇复现Time （permit），Ill assist you cleaning the kitchen. （2）词汇复现It （be）hot，many people sit in the shade of the maple. （3）词汇复现There （be）no truck，we had to use carts. （4） Lots of work （do），I have no time to dance. （5）词汇复现Tom （appoint）as captain，we went to congratulate him. （6）词汇复现Nobody （feel）sati
35、sfied with the new table，it was replaced soon. 单句写作 （7） He came into the room， （他的鼻子冻得通红）. （8）A ceremony was held in memory of the hero， _ （每人戴着一朵白花）. permitting being being to do appointed feeling his nose red with cold each person wearing a white flower 句式二句式二 neither. nor 既不既不也不也不 教材原句 Neither sh
36、e nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 她和她的朋友们都没想过把石头从道路上移开。 句式分析 neither A nor B 在句中连接并列主语，表示“两者都不”。 要点必记 （ 1）neither.nor. 是并列连词，可以连接并列成分，当连接主语时，谓语动词的 单复数遵循 “就近原则”。 （ 2）neither.nor. 也可以连接句子，但需用部分倒装语序。 学法点拨 类似“就近一致”的结构还有： either. or.；not only. but also.；not.but.；there be.
37、单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现Neither he nor I （have）ever been to this chain store before. （2） Neither the students nor the teacher （know）the reason why she is behaving so strangely. （3） Not only Lucy but also her friends （be）going to take part in the boat race. 单句写作 （4）词汇复现There are occasions that _ （要么让我们享 受生活）or
38、 forget about our work for a little while. （5） In my opinion，this kind of method is _ （既不灵活也不 高效）. have knows are either allow us to enjoy life neither flexible nor efficient 句式三句式三 if not 如果不是这样的话；不然，否则如果不是这样的话；不然，否则 教材原句 If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it. 如果不是，我们一定
39、要找到失主，因为他一定是弄丢了。 句式分析 if not 是省略if 从句的省略结构。 要点必记 某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配： if so 如果是这样的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如有必要的话 单句语法填空 （1） Are you tired? If ，lets have a rest. （2） Are you ready? If ，Im going cycling without you. （3） Do you have any money with you? If ，lend me some. （4） I dont remember if I have been there before. If ，that must be when I was very young. 单句写作 （5） Take more exercise. （不然的话），you will be overweight. so not any ever If not
