1、UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Reading & Thinking（II） Why Do We Celebrate Festivals？ WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS？ 我们为什么庆祝节日？ Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every f
2、estival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter 注：注：no matter how引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. 世界各地都在庆祝各种节日。节日的由来五花八门，比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重大事件。每个节日都有 它不同的风俗和独特的魅力。然而，
3、无论节日多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在 于所有的节日之中。 重点句型重点句型 “no matter+疑问词疑问词”引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句，意思为意思为“无论多么无论多么.”，其中其中“no matter+疑问词疑问词”相当于相当于“疑问词疑问词+-ever”（例如例如no matter how=however） e.g. No matter how/However great the difficulties are, we must complete the task in time. 不管困难有多大不管困难有多大，我们都必须及时完成任务我们都必须及时完
4、成任务。 No matter what/Whatever decision he made, I would support it. 无论他做什么决定无论他做什么决定，我都会支持我都会支持。 No matter who/Whoever you are, you must obey the rules. 【特别注意特别注意】“no matter+疑问词疑问词”和和“疑问词疑问词+-ever”都可以引导让步状语从句都可以引导让步状语从句，除此之外除此之外，“疑问词疑问词+-ever”还可以引导名词性还可以引导名词性 从句从句。 e.g. You can take whatever you like
5、.你喜欢什么都可以拿你喜欢什么都可以拿。（whatever引导宾语从句引导宾语从句，不能替换为不能替换为no matter what。） 1.range n.一系列；范围；界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 合作探究 体会range的用法和意义 The observational work is carried out on a range of telescopes. 观测工作借助于_望远镜。 The price of the car is out of/beyond his range. 这辆车的价格超过了他的承受范围。 Improvement is within the range
6、of possibility.改善是可能的。 Prices range from 6 to 10.Prices range between 6 and 10. 价钱_。 自主发现 _ range of. 一系列的；各种各样的 _ ones rangeout of/beyond the range of sb 超过某人承受的范围；某人能力达不到的 within the range _. 在的范围之内 range _._.range between.and. 处于某范围内；在到的范围内变化 各种 从六英镑到十英镑不等 a out of/beyond of from to 巩固内化 介词填空/补全句
7、子 The supermarket keeps a wide range _ goods.Their prices range _ just only a few yuan to several hundred yuan. Maybe the question is _ human understanding. 或许这个问题超越了人类理解的范围。 But few see everything that is _ their vision. 但很少有人能看清视力范围内的每一件东西。 2.figure n.人物；数字；身材；画像；人影 v.认为；认定；估计；计算；理解 合作探究 体会figure的
8、用法和意义 They have figured in the cost of our food for the trip. 他们已把我们旅游的食物费用_进去了。 I am so confused that I cant figure out how to do this. 我很困惑，因此_怎样做这件事。 of from out of/beyond the range of within the range of 计算 弄不懂 自主发现 figure sth in 将某事物包括在内；计算在内 figure out 弄清楚；计算出 巩固内化 写出句中figure的词性和含义 She is diet
9、ing to keep her figure although she is slim._ Can you read this figure? Is it a three or an eight？_ He was one of the great figures of his age._ I cant figure out why she said so._ n.身材 n.数字 n.人物 v.理解 Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This i
10、mportant agricultural festival takes place after all the crops.have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the 注：after引导时间状语从句 动词不定式短语作状语 that引导的宾语从句 years supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the spring time the Egyptian harvest
11、 season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shinin
12、g moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. 注：不定式短语作目的状语 在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可见于每一种文化之中。这一重大的农业节日在庄稼全部收割后来临。人 们举行庆祝活动，对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。在古埃及，人们于春季（即埃及的丰收季）庆祝丰收节。庆祝 活动主要是游行和丰盛的筵席，载歌载舞，并伴有体育活动。如今，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教 堂和市政厅，聚在一起共享大餐，以示庆祝。在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。 重点句型重点句型 动词不定式动词不定式（短语短语）做目的状语可放在句子的前面做目的状语可放在句子的前
13、面，也可放在句子的末尾也可放在句子的末尾，通常翻译成通常翻译成“为了为了.”。 （1 1）通常情况下通常情况下，句子的主语是不定式句子的主语是不定式（短语短语）的逻辑主语的逻辑主语。 e e. .g g. .To get there on time, he set out at six in the morning.=He set out at six in the morning to get there on time. （2 2）通常用通常用inin orderorder toto do,do, soso asas toto dodo表示强调表示强调（尤其是在不定式结构前使用否定词尤其是
14、在不定式结构前使用否定词notnot时时）。注意：注意：toto do,indo,in orderorder toto dodo的位置即可在句首的位置即可在句首，又可在句末；而又可在句末；而soso asas toto dodo只能在句末只能在句末。 To/InTo/In orderorder toto buildbuild a a newnew house,hehouse,he boughtbought somesome woodwood andand steelsteel. . =He=He boughtbought somesome woodwood andand steelsteel
15、to/into/in orderorder to/soto/so asas toto buildbuild a a newnew househouse 3.gather vi.聚集；集合 vt.聚集；搜集；收割 合作探究 体会gather的用法和意义 We sent three men to gather up firewood for the fire. 我们派出3个人去_生火用的柴火。 The people gathered round，curious to know what was happening. 人们_，好奇地想知道发生了什么事儿。 The farmers are busy g
16、athering in the crops in the field. 农民们在田野里正忙于_庄稼。 自主发现 gather together/_ 聚集；收拢 gather _/around 围拢 gather _ 收割；收获 搜集 聚集在一起 收割 up round in 巩固内化 单句语法填空 All the children gathered _ the old man to listen to his stories. People are grateful because their food _(gather) for the winter and the agricultural
17、 work is over. 思考 gather和collect有何区别？ _ _ 4.grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的 合作探究 体会grateful的用法和意义 Im so grateful to you for all that youve done. 对于你所做的一切我都_。 He was grateful to have someone to talk to. 他很_有人跟他谈话。 She would be very grateful if you could give her an early reply. _早点给他答复，她将非常感激。 round/around is
18、 gathered gather意为“聚集；集合”，表示把分散的人或物聚集到一起。 collect意为“收集；搜集”，表示精心地、有选择地收集。 非常感激 感激 如果你能 自主发现 be grateful _ sb _ sth 因某事而感激某人 be grateful _ sth 因做某事而感激 I would be grateful _ you could do. 如果你能，我将感激不尽。 巩固内化 补全句子 I _ give me some advice. 如果你能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。 I _ and determined to repay him one day. 我非常感激，决
19、意改天一定要回报他。 to for to do if would be grateful if you could was very grateful 5.decorate vt.装饰；装潢；授予勋章/奖章 decoration n.装饰；装潢；装饰品 合作探究 体会decorate的用法和意义 Decorate the house with decorations you make. 用自己做的装饰物来_房子。 He was decorated for bravery. 他获_英勇勋章。 自主发现 decorate._ 以装饰 decorate sb _ 因为而授某人勋章 词块积累 deco
20、rate a room with flowers 用花装饰房间 decorate a house for New Year 装饰房子过新年 巩固内化 单句语法填空 The exhibition hall is decorated _ many paintings. The girl was decorated _ saving the child from drowning. 装饰 颁发 with for with for Customs plays a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time
21、. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have giv
22、en up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, 注：in order to.作目的状语 which slowly because an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins. 注：which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Halloween 风俗在节日中扮演重要角色，但有时也随时间而变化。随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，有些传统会 渐渐消失，而另一些传统则得以建立。中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱鬼神
23、、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。如今， 为了避免空气污染，许多大城市已经摒弃了这一风俗。另一个例子是万圣节，虽然起源于宗教，万圣节渐渐成 了孩子们纵情玩乐的一个节日。 6.significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的；重要的 significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 significantly adv.重大地，明显地，显著地；意味深长地；含义深远地 合作探究 体会黑体部分的用法和意义 It is significant that the children should not tell lies. Significantly，the children should
24、not tell lies. 孩子们不说谎_。 很重要 The new drug is very significant for the treatment of the disease. The new drug is of great significance for the treatment of the disease. 这种新药对于这种病的治疗_。 What he thinks about it is of no significance. 他对此事的想法_。 自主发现 _.(significantly) 很重要 be very significantbe _ great sign
25、ificance 有重大意义 be _ little/no significance 不太重要/不重要 巩固内化 单句语法填空/补全句子 The most _(significance) thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods. His university was aware of the _(significant) of his work. The proposals she put forward in this rep
26、ort _. 她在这篇报告中提出的建议具有重大意义。 有重大意义 没有什么意义 It is significant that of of significant significance are very significant/are of great significance 7.fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 The sound of the cheering faded away.欢呼声逐渐消失。 短语记牢 记牢下列短语 fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡 fade in (声音、画面)逐渐清晰；渐强 Their voice fades out as they
27、 go off stage together. 他们一起走下舞台，声音逐渐变小。 A view of the prairie faded in.一个草原的景象渐显。 巩固内化 副词填空 The closing music fades _ when the hero rides off into the sunset. He saw the monitor black out and then a few words faded _. 8.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 typically adv.典型地；有代表性地；一向；总是 合作探究 体会黑体部分的用法和意义 The f
28、ilm Red Sorghum is typical of Zhang Yimous early works. 电影红高粱是张艺谋早期的_。 It is typical of her to narrow her eyes because she is short-sighted. 因为近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。 自主发现 be typical _. 是特有的，是的特点 It is typical of sb _ 某人一向；某人有做某事的习惯 out in 代表作 of to do sth 巩固内化 单句语法填空 It is typical of him _(take) hard jobs.
29、 It _ (typical) takes a day or two，depending on size. She threw her hands into the air.“That is just typical _ you，isnt it？” 9.in spite of不顾；不管；尽管 In spite of all his efforts he failed. 尽管他很努力还是失败了。 In spite of the fact that it is snowing，she is going out for a walk. Although/Though it is snowing，sh
30、e is going out for a walk. 尽管正在下雪，她仍然要出去散步。 自主发现 in spite ofn. 尽管 in spite of the fact that.although/though. 尽管 巩固内化 补全句子 He has modern ideas _ his great age. 尽管他年事已高，但思想观念却很入时。 _ they are against it，we are going on doing it. 不顾他们反对，我们继续干下去。 to take typically of in spite of In spite of the fact that
31、 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with business taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping with复合结构 websites and social media apps have made it much easier for public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although it作形式宾语 宾补 动词不定式短语作真正的宾语 some believe festivals shou
32、ld not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and 注：although引导让步状语从句 宾语从句 public happiness. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方 便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。尽管有人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有助于 （提高）经济和公共幸福感。 重点句型重点句型 itit作形式宾语：在接复合宾语（即宾语作形式宾语：在接复合宾语（即宾语+ +宾语补足语
33、）的动词（如宾语补足语）的动词（如think,make,considerthink,make,consider等）后，常用等）后，常用itit作形式宾语，放在宾作形式宾语，放在宾 语的位置上，再接宾补，而把真正的宾语置于句尾。真正的宾语常由不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或宾语从句充当。常语的位置上，再接宾补，而把真正的宾语置于句尾。真正的宾语常由不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或宾语从句充当。常 见的结构有：见的结构有： (1)(1)动词动词+it+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth+it+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth (2)(2)动词动词+it+adj
34、./n.+it+adj./n.+宾语从句宾语从句 e.g.Hee.g.He makes it a rule to takemakes it a rule to take some physical labour every week though he is old.some physical labour every week though he is old. 尽管他老了，但他给自己定下了规矩：每周参加一些体力劳动。尽管他老了，但他给自己定下了规矩：每周参加一些体力劳动。 It was the culture, rather than the language, that It was t
35、he culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment to the new environment abroad.abroad.是文化使他难以适应国外的新环境，而不是语言。是文化使他难以适应国外的新环境，而不是语言。 Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in
36、 spending is good for the economy and 注：although引导让步状语从句 although/though引导让步状语从句的用法：引导让步状语从句的用法： （1）although和和though在一般情况下可以互换，引导让步状语从句时不可与在一般情况下可以互换，引导让步状语从句时不可与but连用，但可与副词连用，但可与副词yet连用。连用。 e.g. He didnt light the fire though/although it was cold.尽管天气很冷，但他还是没有生火。尽管天气很冷，但他还是没有生火。 （2）although比比though
37、更为正式，语气较重，常用语强调让步的概念；更为正式，语气较重，常用语强调让步的概念；though可用于形式倒装，用于形式倒装可用于形式倒装，用于形式倒装 时也可以用时也可以用as，但，但although不可以。不可以。 e.g. He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. 尽管我警告他不要做，他还是坚持要做。尽管我警告他不要做，他还是坚持要做。 Bravely though the players fought， they had no chance of winning. 尽管队员们勇敢地拼搏，他们还是没有获胜的机会。尽管队员们
38、勇敢地拼搏，他们还是没有获胜的机会。 10.take advantage of 利用；欺骗；占的便宜 In the meantime，you can take full advantage of it.在此期间，您可以充分利用它。 短语记牢 记牢下列短语 make use of 利用；使用 make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用 make the best of 充分利用 make the most of 充分利用 We should make full use of the Internet.我们应充分利用因特网。 She really tries
39、to make the most of herself by dressing well. 她确实想通过穿着漂亮尽量发挥自己的优势。 词块积累 take advantage of various factors利用各种各样的因素 take advantage of a man like him 占像他这样的人的便宜；欺骗像他这样的人 巩固内化 单句语法填空 He has made up his mind to make good use _ every minute to study. Hes joining the club in order to take advantage _ the
40、others. 11.Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。 【句式解读】句中的with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations是是with复合结构作状语。复合结构作状语。 【用法总结】【用法总结】with+宾语宾语+宾补，也称宾补，也称with复合结构。其结构如下：复合结构。其结构如下： adj./adv. 表示状
41、态表示状态 介词短语介词短语 表示位置或状态表示位置或状态 with+宾语宾语+ 不定式不定式 表示将要做，还未做表示将要做，还未做 现在分词现在分词 表示一直做，正在做表示一直做，正在做 过去分词过去分词 表示做完了，被完成表示做完了，被完成 of of He came into the room，with his face red. 他面色红润地走进房间。(形容词作补语，with的复合结构表示伴随) With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily. 他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。(介词短语作补语，wi
42、th的复合结构表示伴随) She could finish her work，with me to help her. 有我的帮助，她能够完成工作。(不定式作补语，with的复合结构表示原因) With her eyes closed，she touched the gift gently. 她闭上眼睛，轻轻地抚摸这件礼物。(过去分词作补语，with的复合结构表示伴随) 巩固内化 单句语法填空/补全句子 A little boy with two of his front teeth _(miss) ran into the house. With the key _ (lose)，he ha
43、d to wait outside the door. With a lot of things _ (settle)，I cant go to see a film. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot _. 母亲问她穿这么多衣服热不热。 She came to a river _. 她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。 missing lost to settle with so many clothes on with green grass and red flowers on both sides Festivals are a
44、n important part of society. They reflect peoples wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where that引导定语从句，先行词为引导定语从句，先行词为occasions we came from, who we are, a
45、nd what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that where和和who引导宾语从句，引导宾语从句，“what+不定式不定式”作宾语作宾语 if引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句 different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 节日是社会的一个重要组成部分。节日反映了人类的愿望、信仰、信念以及对生活的态度。节日是让我们 放松心情、享受生活、暂时忘却工作的时
46、刻。节日让我们了解我们来自何方、我们是谁、我们应该感恩什么。 此外，如果你仔细研究各种节日，你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。 12.reflect vt.显示；反映；反射；映射；思考 vi.思考 reflection n.反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思，深思 合作探究 体会reflect的用法和意义 He stared at his own image reflected in the water. 他凝视着自己在水中的_。 Im sitting in the small yard，reflecting on the plan. 我坐在小院子里，_这个计划。 The light is reflected from the moon. 光从月球_出来。 倒影 想着 反射 自主发现 reflect sb/sth _ sth (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像 reflect sth _ sth 从某物(表面)反射
