1、新目标八年级下册新目标八年级下册 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.讲义讲义 一、词性转换一、词性转换 Section A 1. volunteer (v.) volunteer 2. notice (n.) notice 3. strong (adv.) strongly Section B 1. repair (n.) reparation 2. broken (v.) break 3. disabled (v.) disable 4. imagine (n.) imagination 5. difficulty (adj.) diffi
2、cult 6. carry (pt.) carried 7. training (v.) train 8. kindness (adj.) kind 9. understand (pt.)understood 10. interest (adj) interesting 二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old peoples home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经曾经 ；过去；过去 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7.
3、at the age of 在.岁时 8. clean up 打扫打扫(或清除或清除)干净干净 9. cheer up (使使)变得更高兴变得更高兴;振雀振雀 10. give out 分发分发;散发散发 11. come up with 想出；提出想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划 13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用;试行 15. work for 为工作为工作/效力效力 16. put up 建造建造;举起举起;张贴张贴 17. hand out 分发;散发;发给 18. call up 打电话;召集 19. put of
4、f 推迟推迟;延迟延迟 20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 筹钱;募捐 22. take after 与.相像;像 23. give away 赠送赠送;捐赠捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 25. be similar to 与相似与相似 26. set up 建立建立;设立设立 27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响影响;有作用有作用 29. be able to 能够 30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目 一、一、 句型集萃句型集萃 1.
5、 need to do sth. 需要去做某事 2. make plans to do sth. 计划做某事 3. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事 4. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事来源:学科网 ZXXK 5. give up+时间+to do sth.放弃时间去做某事 6. get a feeling of有感觉 7. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 8. help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 9. make a difference to 对产生影响 10. make it possible fo
6、r sb. to fo sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 二、二、 重点句子重点句子 1. You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫可以帮助打扫城市公园。 【解析【解析 1】help v. helpful (1). help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事。 (2). help oneself ( to )自用（食物等） 。 (3). help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 (4). with the help of 在帮助下。 (5). help sb. with sth.
7、 帮助某人做某事。 (6).cant help doing 情不自禁做情不自禁做. ( ) 1. Mary is so _. she comes to you whenever youre in trouble. A. useful B. careful C. thankful D. helpful ( )2.The woman _all of her money to charities_ the poor. A. gave off, to help B. gave up, helping C. gave away, to help D. gave, helping 【解析【解析 2】cou
8、ld 情态动词意为“可以” ，表示建议情态动词意为“可以” ，表示建议。没有人称和数的变化，其后直接跟动词原形。 Ex. We could put up signs. You could try your best to help the old people. 【解析【解析 3】clean up 把把打扫干净打扫干净（v. + adv.）Ex. clean up the table = clean the table up. ( )If everyone pours less polluted water into Dianchi Lake, it will be _. A. deeper
9、and deeper B. cleaner and cleaner C. dirtier and dirtier D. wider and wider 2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 女孩可以去医院看望生病的生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来让他们振作起来。 【解析【解析 1】sick /ill ： (1) sick adj.“生病的” ，既可放 be (系动词)后作表语，也可放 n.前作定语。 be sick of “讨厌；厌恶”sick person = patient“病人” (2)
10、 ill adj.“生病的” ，只能放 be (系动词)后作表语，be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病” Ex. You look very tired. You must be sick. (= ill) He had a sick mother. 他有一位生病的母亲 1. I think her illness (ill) is very serious. 我认为她的病是很严重。 ( )2. The _ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday. A. sick B. ill C.
11、good D. well 【解析解析 2】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv） cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴 Ex. cheer me up 使我高兴 ( ) 1. You could visit _children in the hospital and _them_. A. ill, set, up B. sick, clean, up C. sick, cheer, up ( ) 2. He looks sad .Lets _ him_. A. cheer, up B. put, up C. set up D. c
12、all, up 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 男孩可以在食物站分发分发食物。 【解析解析】give out =hand out 分发分发(v. +adv) Ex. give/hand out bananas. give out sth. to sb. 分.给某人 【短语短语】 ：与与 give 相关的短语：相关的短语： give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表 give sb. a call 给打电话 give away 赠送 give sb. a hand =help s
13、b. 帮助某人 give up doing sth. =stop doing sth.放弃做某事 give up smoking 放弃吸烟来源:学科网 ZXXK give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线 ( )1. You shouldnt _your hope. Everything will better. A. give up B. fix up C. cheer up D. put up ( )2. We have raised some books. Well _to t
14、he poor children. A. put them up B. give they away C. give them away D. put out them 4. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独孤独。 【解析解析】alone / lonely 辨析辨析： (1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。 He often walks alone to home. (2)lonely 指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；也可指某个地方是荒凉的 ( ) 1. The o
15、ld man lives _，but he never feels _. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely ( ) 2. My little sister is afraid to stay at home alone.(同义词) A. quietly B. lonely C. all the time D. by herself ( )3.【2017 雅安】His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel _. A. l
16、onely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone ( )4.【2017 上海】My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out. A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily 5. We should listen to them and care for them. 我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心关心他们。 【解析】【解析】care for 照看；照顾；照看；照顾； 照料照料 Many students in
17、our school _ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. A. worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care 【拓展拓展】care 的短语总结的短语总结 take care =be careful 当心，小心 take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看 ( ) Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home
18、. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of 6. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者做志愿者。 【解析】【解析】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事志愿做某事 1. Jack volunteered to carry (carry) the water. 2. They often volunteer to teach (自愿去教) the chil
19、dren 7. But I want to learn more about how to care for animals.但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物如何照顾动物的知识。 【解析】【解析】 “疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”作及物动词的宾语， 【记】 ：【记】 ：I dont know what to do. I dont know how to do it. I don t know what to do with it. 【拓展】拓展】 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式”的转换。 转换时只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致） ，并将不定式改成“should +v 原形”做谓语。 I dont
20、 know how to solve the problem.= I dont know how I should solve the problem. 1. I dont know what to bring (bring) to the party. 2. He wanted to know when to go (go). ( ) 3. Which dress do you like best, Madam? Sorry, I cant decide _ now. A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which one to buy D. wh
21、ich I should buy it. 8. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种如此如此强烈的满足感。 【解析解析】such 词条 词性 用法 常用结构 such 形容词 修饰名词 such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词 such+ 除 many/f
22、ew 之外的形容词+可数名词复数 such +除 much/little 之外的形容词+ 不可数名词 so 程度副 词 修饰形容词 或副词 so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数 so+ many/few +可数名词复数 so+ much/little+不可数名词 9. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定尝试尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。 【解析【解析】try v. 试图，设法，努力 try out 尝试；实验尝试；实验 【拓展拓展】(1)try
23、 on 试穿 (2) try to do sth. 努力做某事 （侧重尽力做） (3) try doing sth. 试图做某事 （侧重尝试做） (4)try ones best to do sth.= do ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 1. We should try our best (尽最大努力)to be happy in the future. ( ) 2. We should try much fruit. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats 10. Volunteering here is a dream co
24、me true for me. 对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真梦想成真。 【解析解析】come true 实现实现 词条 是否接宾语 用法 achieve 是 主语一般为“人” come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想” 1. We want to see young people to realize their dream.(实现他们的梦想)。 ( )2.【2017 四川遂宁】If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will _ . A. come out B. come true C. achieve 【拓展拓展】与与
25、come 相关的短语相关的短语: come and go 来来回回 come from 来自 come back 回来 come out 出来 come on 加油 come in 进来 come back 回来 come over 顺便来访 come true 实现 come up with 想出 ( ) 1.【2017 浙江宁波】Scientists are trying their best to _ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9. A. come up with B. look forward to C. talk abo
26、ut D. give up ( ) 2. 【2017 浙江丽水】 The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a new one will _ at the end of this month. A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out 11. However, few people think about what they can do to help others. 然而，很少很少有人会考虑他们能做些什么来帮助他人。 【解析解析】few 几乎
27、没有几乎没有 词条 含义 修饰的名词的数 例句 few 几乎没有（表否定含义） 可数名词复数 They know few of us a few 一些（表肯定含义） He made a few mistakes little 几乎没有（表否定含义） 不可数名词 I spend very little on food a little 一些（表肯定含义） I know a little about the story 【注】 a few/ few (1) a few, few 用来修饰可数名词。 (2) a few “有一些” ，表示肯定概念; few 几乎没有，表示否定意义。 Ex. The
28、man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends. 这个人在这里住了很多年了,他有一些朋友。 I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here. 我刚来到这里，所以我在这里没有几个朋友。 【注】a little/ little (1) a little, little 用于修饰不可数名词。 (2) a little “有一些” ，表示肯定概念。 little “几乎没有” ，表示否定概念。 Ex. There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有
29、一些水。 There is little water in the glass, so you cant drink any. 杯子里几乎没有水了，你不可能喝到水了。 ( )1.There used to be lots of fish in the lake. Yes, but there are very _ now. A. few B. fewer C. little D. Less ( )2. The girl in purple is new here, so _ people know her. A. few B .a few C .a little 12. I take afte
30、r my mother. 我长的像长的像我妈妈。 【解析解析】(1)take after =be similar to 在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像（v. +adv） 【拓展拓展】与与 take 相关的短语：相关的短语： take back 收回，接回 take down 写下 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占去（时间或空间）take care 小心 take care of 照顾 take place 发生 take out 拿出 take away 拿走 (2)look like 只指在外貌上与.相像 【拓展拓展】 ：look after 照顾 look up 向上
31、看，查找 look for 寻找 look out 小心 ( ) 1.The girl _ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter. A. take care B. takes after C. takes off D. look after ( ) 2.【2017 山东青岛】Tom _ his father, because they both are cheerful and easygoing. A. looks like B. takes after C. doesnt take after D. isnt like 13. I was able to
32、 bring him home. 我可以可以把它带回家了。 【解析解析】 be able to 与与 can 辨析：辨析： 词条 适用时态 人称和数 例句 be able to 用于各种时态 有人称和数的变化 I will be able to dress more casually. can 用于现在时或过 去时（could） 没有人称和数的变化 I could swim at the age of seven. =I was able to swim at the age of seven.来源:学*科*网 14. For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my bo
33、ok,” and he does it at once. 例如， 我说： “Lucky！把我的书拿来拿来。 ” 它马上就照做。 【解析解析】(1)fetch v. 去拿来=get 去（某地） 拿来（讲话者处） (2)bring v. 带来从（某地）拿到（讲话者处） bring up 养育，养大 bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物 (3)take v. 带来, 从（讲话者）拿走 take took taken 【拓展拓展】 与与 take 有关的短语：有关的短语： take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管 take off 脱
34、下 take out 取出 take a look 看一看 take away 拿走 take exercise 做运动 take it easy 不紧张 ( ) 1.Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _ it for me? No problem. A. bring B. fetch C. take D. carry ( ) 2.Ive left my keys in the meeting room. Please _them for me. All right. A. buy B. paint C. wash D. fetch 15.
35、Ill send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me. 如果你喜欢我会给你寄张他的照片，并且我会告诉你他是如何帮助我的。 【解析解析 1】send sent sent v. 发送发送 【拓展拓展】 ： 与与 send 有关的短语：有关的短语： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物 来源:学。科。网 ( ) 1. You fill in
36、 both parts of the form, then_. A. send up it B. send for it C. send it away D. send it off ( ) 2. Please send a photo of your family _ me. A. for B. at C. to D. with 【解析解析 2】if 引导真实条件状语从句从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时引导真实条件状语从句从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 ( )1.The children will climb the hill if it_ tomorrow. A. wont rai
37、n B. didnt rain C. isnt raining D. doesnt rain ( )2. If Nancy _ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study. A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass 三、三、 重点语法重点语法 动词不定式动词不定式 原文再现：原文再现： But I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识。 The girl could visit the si
38、ck kids in the hospital to cheer them up。 女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。 (1) 动词不定式结构动词不定式结构：to+动词原形，有时不带 to。 to 为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义，没有人称和数 的变化。 (2) 动词不定式在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等动词不定式在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。初中要掌握的用法如下： 句法作用 例句 做宾语 He wants to buy a car. 做状语 She went to see her teacher. 做宾语补足语 Lily helps me to f
39、inish the work. 【注意注意】在 want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。 在 ask, teach, expect, tell, allow 等动词可接不定式作宾语补足语。 在 go, come, try, do/try ones best 等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。 be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。 (3) 动词不定式
40、的否定形式：动词不定式的否定形式：not to do Ex. We decided not to visit Beijing. Ex. My mother asks me not to play computer games everyday. (4) 动词不定式可以喝特殊疑问词连用（动词不定式可以喝特殊疑问词连用（what/which/how/where/when/which 等）等） 。 Ex. I dont know how to solve the problem.= I dont know how I should solve the problem. (5) 不带不带 to 的情况
41、：感官动词和使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带的情况：感官动词和使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带 to. 感官动词：see/hear/watch/feel/notice + do 使役动词：let/make/have + do Ex. I see him come into the house. I heard the bird sing. Please let me go. He always makes her cry. 四、四、 真题演练真题演练 ( )1.【山西省】He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy
42、 D. buys ( )2.【福建省】Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3.【湖南省】He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep ( )4.【河北省】Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )5.【吉林省】 Im sorry
43、 _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ( )6.【甘肃省】My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets ( )7.【江西省】She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing ( )8.【四川省】Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns ( )9.【河南省】We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ( )10.【吉林省】 So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel
