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    人教版八年级下册英语Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks单元知识点.doc

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    人教版八年级下册英语Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks单元知识点.doc

    1、1 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks. 课时课时 1 Section A(1a-2d) 学习目标:学习目标: 一、掌握动词短语 clean up, cheer up 的用法。 (重点) 二、能用 could, cant, will 等情态动词给出建议。 课堂导学:课堂导学: 1. You could help to clean up the city parks. Clean up 为动副短语,意为“打扫干净” 。若后接代词作宾语,代词应放在为动副短语,意为“打扫干净” 。若后接代词作宾语,代词应放在 clean 和和 up 中中 间;若后接

    2、名词作宾语,名词可放在两次之间或间;若后接名词作宾语,名词可放在两次之间或 up 之后。之后。 She cleaned up the broken glass on the floor. 即学即练一即学即练一 根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 我的房间很脏,所以我必须把它打扫干净。 My room is very dirty, so I have to . 2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 短语短语 2:cheer up 使高兴;使振奋。使高兴;使振奋。后接代词作宾语时,代词应

    3、放在后接代词作宾语时,代词应放在 cheer up 中间中间. She failed the exam, and we want to cheer her up. 即学即练二即学即练二 单项选择单项选择 The child looked sad. Lets .(选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的选项) A. happy B. make him happy C. shout D. give help 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 短语短语 3:give out 分发;散发;发放分发;散发;发放 give out 是动副短语,意为“分

    4、发;散发;发放” ,后接名词作宾语时,名词可放在短语后是动副短语,意为“分发;散发;发放” ,后接名词作宾语时,名词可放在短语后 面,也可放在短语中间;后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在短语中间。其同义短语为“面,也可放在短语中间;后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在短语中间。其同义短语为“hand out”。 I saw a man giving out leaflets in the street. Give them out before class begins. 即学即练三即学即练三 单项选择单项选择 Would you like to help me to the papers to the

    5、 students, Tom? 2 Certainly, Miss Wang. A. give up B. give off C. give out D. give in 4. We could put up signs. 短语短语 4:put up 张贴;搭建张贴;搭建 Put up 在该句中意为“张贴(布告)等” ,此外它还可表示“公布;搭建;举起(手)等” 。在该句中意为“张贴(布告)等” ,此外它还可表示“公布;搭建;举起(手)等” 。 He puts up a piece of advertisement on the door. Put your hands up! You are

    6、 arrested. 5. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-up Day. 短语短语 5:come up with 想出;提出想出;提出 (后接表示计划、方法、答案、注意等的词。其同义(后接表示计划、方法、答案、注意等的词。其同义 短语为短语为 think up.) He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer at that time. 提示:come up with 还可表示“追上;赶上” ,相当于 catch up with。 We have to work har

    7、d to come up with them. 即学即练五即学即练五 (2014. 山东菏泽中考) “Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now. We need to a plan about it. A. come up with B. put up C. call up D. set up 6. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? 短语短语 6:help out 帮助解决困难;帮助帮助解决困难;帮助.摆脱困难摆脱困难。 It is hard to help you out

    8、 because it is a difficult problem. He helped me out with my task. 即学即练即学即练6 根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 戴维总是愿意帮助解决困难。 David is always willing to . 7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 短语短语 7:used to. 曾经常常曾经常常. ; 过去常常过去常常.。 其后接动词原形,表示过去存在某种状态或其后接动词原形,表示过去存在某种状态或 者过去的某种经常性,习惯性的行

    9、为或者动作,并意味着现在已经不是此种状态或现在已者过去的某种经常性,习惯性的行为或者动作,并意味着现在已经不是此种状态或现在已 不做该事。不做该事。 I used to play with my friends after school. 拓展: (1)be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事” 。 3 My father is used to living in the village. (2)be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事” ,是被动语态,to 后接动词原形。 The sweater is used to keep warm. 即学即练即学即

    10、练7 (2014. 江苏常州中考)The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy. A. Was used to; producing B. Used to; producing C. Was used to; produce D. Used to; produce 8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 单词单词 1:lonely 孤独的;寂寞的;偏僻的。孤独的;寂寞的;偏僻的。 Lonely 作形容词,意为“孤独的;寂寞的;偏僻的” ,在

    11、句中可作标语或定语,指人孤独、作形容词,意为“孤独的;寂寞的;偏僻的” ,在句中可作标语或定语,指人孤独、 寂寞或指地方偏僻、荒凉,强调主观感受,有感情色彩。寂寞或指地方偏僻、荒凉,强调主观感受,有感情色彩。 They live a lonely life in a lonely house on the hills. 辨析:alone 既可作形容词,又可作副词,意为“独自的(地) ;单独的(地) ” ,侧重说明独 自一人或一方,强调客观现实,无感情色彩。 I am alone, but I dont feel lonely. 课时课时 2 Section A(3a-4c) 学习目标:学习目标

    12、: 一、掌握短语 learn about, at the age of. 等的用法。 (重点) 二、能用 can, could 等情态动词给出建议。 三、培养学生助人为乐的品质。 课堂导学:课堂导学: 1. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. 单词单词 1:several 几个;数个;一些几个;数个;一些 (1 1)作形容词,意为“几个;数个;一些”多指三个以上,十个以下,其后接可数名词的作形容词,意为“几个;数个;一些”多指三

    13、个以上,十个以下,其后接可数名词的 即学即练即学即练8 单项选择单项选择 I dont have any close friends here, I feel from time t time. A. alone B. happy C. lonely D. proud 4 复数形式。复数形式。 There are several students in the classroom. I met him several days ago. (2) 作代词,意为“几个;数个(视为复数) 。 ”作代词,意为“几个;数个(视为复数) 。 ” Several of the students put up

    14、 their hands. 即学即练一即学即练一 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 There are (几个)spoons in my kitchen. 2. “Its hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.” 短语短语 1:learn about 了解;获悉;得知了解;获悉;得知 How did you learn about our product? We only learned about your visit yesterday. 语法语法 1:“疑问词“疑问词+不定式不定

    15、式”的用法”的用法 本句中的疑问词本句中的疑问词+不定式结构在句中作宾语。 英语中, 不定式可以和疑问词不定式结构在句中作宾语。 英语中, 不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how 等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 How to save the child is the most important. I can tell you where to find the book. 即学即练即学即练2 单项选择单项选择 1. Anna is going on a to

    16、ur of Xian, and she wants to Chinese history. A. dream of B. learn about C. look through D. pass on 2. I havent decided when a holiday yet. A. took B. taking C. to take D. take 3. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.

    17、 语法语法 2:such 修饰名词修饰名词 Such 意为“如此;这样” ,常用来修饰名词或名词词组。常用结构有: “意为“如此;这样” ,常用来修饰名词或名词词组。常用结构有: “such+a/ an+单数可单数可 数名词” 。如果名词是不可数名词,或复数名词,则不可以用不定冠词。数名词” 。如果名词是不可数名词,或复数名词,则不可以用不定冠词。 Its such a fine day. We all want to go to fly a kite. 拓展: so 作副词, 用来修饰形容词或副词, 意为 “如此; 这样地” 。 常用结构有:“such+adj+a/an+ 单数可数名词”和“

    18、so+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词” 。 She is so lovely a girl. 5 即学即练即学即练3 单项选择单项选择 He is that he gets great marks. A. So a clever boy B. Such clever a boy C. So clever a boy D. Very clever boy 4. She could read by herself at the age of four. 短语短语 2:at the age of. 在在.几岁时几岁时 At the age of 是介词短语,意为“在是介词短语,意为“在.岁时” ,

    19、也可表示为岁时” ,也可表示为 at age.,相当于,相当于 when 引导的时引导的时 间状语从句。间状语从句。 I begin to play the guitar at the age of five. 即学即练四即学即练四 单项选择单项选择 Lucy is very clever, and she could read storybooks by herself the age of four. A. in B. at C. on D. to 课时课时 3 Section B(1a-2e) 学习目标:学习目标: 一、掌握 repair, imagine, disabled 等重点单词

    20、的用法。 (重点) 二、掌握 take after, fix up, give away 等短语的用法。 (重点) 三、培养学生爱护动物的品质。 课堂导学:课堂导学: 1. I take after my mother. 短语短语 1 1:take after 与(父母等)相像与(父母等)相像 Take after 表示表示 “(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像”。 She takes after her mother almost in everything. 辨析:take after, look like 和 be like (1)take af

    21、ter 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间,外貌用得最多,也可用在性格,脾 气等这些内在的特质上。 Mary really takes after her mother. (2)look like 可以用于所有场合,既可指人也可指物,只指外表看上去像。 The man looks like our headmaster. 6 (3)be like 则是指“品德;品质;性格”等。 What is he like? 即学即练一即学即练一 单项选择单项选择 Lin Tao after his father very much in everything. A. looks B. runs C. is

    22、 D. takes 2. I fixed it up. 短语短语 2 2:fix up 修理;修补修理;修补 fix up 意为意为“修理;修补修理;修补”,与,与 repair, mend 同义。其中同义。其中 up 为副词,后接名词作宾语时,名为副词,后接名词作宾语时,名 词可放在词可放在 up 之后,也可放在之后,也可放在 fix 和和 up 之间。之间。 The fence is broken. I have to fix it up. 即学即练二即学即练二 单项选择单项选择 My glasses were broken last night. Now I have to . A. f

    23、ix them up B. fix up it C. fixed them up D. fixed up it 3. I gave it away. 短语短语 3:give away 分发;赠送;捐赠分发;赠送;捐赠 后可接名词或代词作宾语,后接名词作宾语时,名词可放在后可接名词或代词作宾语,后接名词作宾语时,名词可放在 away 之后,也可放在之后,也可放在 give 和和 away 之间;后接代词作宾语时,代词要放在之间;后接代词作宾语时,代词要放在 give 和和 away 的中间。的中间。give away sth. to sb.表示表示 “赠送某人某物赠送某人某物”。 She dec

    24、ided to give these old clothes away. The old teacher gave away all his books to the school. 即学即练三即学即练三 单项选择单项选择 As an old customer, would you some books to us for free? No problem. Id love to. A. pay off B. call off C. give away D. put away 4. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disa

    25、bled people like me. 短语短语 4:set up 建立;创立建立;创立 Set up 意为意为“建立;创立;开办建立;创立;开办”,指建立机构或相应的设施,该短语为动副短语,若后接,指建立机构或相应的设施,该短语为动副短语,若后接 名词作宾语,名词可放在两词中间,或者名词作宾语,名词可放在两词中间,或者 up 后边,若接代词作宾语,代词必须放在两词中后边,若接代词作宾语,代词必须放在两词中 7 间。间。 We need to set up more charities. 即学即练四即学即练四 根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 政府将在这个地区建立一所学校。 The

    26、government will a school in this area. 5. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 短语短语 5:make it+adj(for sb)+to do sth. 意为意为“使得做某事(对某人来说)是使得做某事(对某人来说)是.的的”,it 为形式为形式 宾语,不定式为真正的宾语,形容词为宾语补足语。宾语,不定式为真正的宾语,形容词为宾语补足语。 I will make it easier for people to use computers. 即学即练五即学即练五 用所给动词的适当形式填空

    27、用所给动词的适当形式填空 Our English teacher makes it interesting (learn) English. 6. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. 短语短语 6:make a difference 有关系;有影响;有作用有关系;有影响;有作用 make a difference to. 表示表示“对对.产生影响产生影响/ 作用作用”,尤其是好的方面的影响。,尤其是好的方面的影响。make a big difference 意为意为“有重大影响有重大影响”,make no difference 意为意为“没有影响;

    28、不起作用没有影响;不起作用”。 It will make a very big difference. Her serious illness has made no difference to her singing competition. 即学即练六即学即练六 根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 身为教师,你们必须坚信你们能够影响你们的学生一生。 As teachers, you must believe that you can to the lives of your students. 7. Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands

    29、 easily. 单词单词 1:imagine 想象;设想想象;设想 Imagine 是及物动词,意为“想象;设想” ,其用法有:是及物动词,意为“想象;设想” ,其用法有: (1)后接名词或代词后接名词或代词 You can imaging the situation there. (2)Imagine doing sth. 想象做某事想象做某事 I cant imagine walking all the way to the North Pole. 8 (3)Imagine+that/ what 从句从句 I cant imagine what has happened. I imagi

    30、ne that youre right. 即学即练七即学即练七 用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空 She couldnt imagine (live) in a place like that. 8. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 短语短语 7:get/ be excited about 后既可接后既可接 sth. 也可接也可接 doing sth. be 动词强调状态,动词强调状态,get 强调强调 动作。动作。 You must be excited about leavin

    31、g for America. 即学即练八即学即练八 单项选择单项选择 There is nothing to get excited . A. at B. of C. in D. about 课时课时 4 Section B (3a) Self-Check 学习目标:学习目标: 一、掌握 ask for, call up 等短语的用法。 (重点) 二、熟练掌握本课时的词汇。 (重点) 三、培养学为他人提供帮助的品质。 课堂导学:课堂导学: He put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends on the

    32、 phone to tell them about the problem. 短语短语 1:ask for 要求;请求。要求;请求。后接名词或代词。有关后接名词或代词。有关 ask 的其他短语:的其他短语:ask sb for sth.表示表示 “向某人要某物” ;“向某人要某物” ;ask sb to do sth 表示“要求某人做某事” 。表示“要求某人做某事” 。 He asked for a glass of water. The teacher asked us to speak English in class. 短语短语 2:call up 打电话。打电话。同义短语为同义短语为

    33、ring up。当宾语为代词时,代词必须置于。当宾语为代词时,代词必须置于 call 与与 up 之间,当宾语为名词时,名词既可以放在两者之间,也可以放之间,当宾语为名词时,名词既可以放在两者之间,也可以放 up 的后面。的后面。 If you want my help, just call me up. 即学即练即学即练 根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 9 1. 你可以向你妈妈要些钱。 You can your mother some money. 2. 如果他的朋友们来这儿了,请给他打电话。 If his friends come here, please . 语法规律总结语法规

    34、律总结 一、一、动词不定式动词不定式 1. 概念:概念: 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,其结构为“to+动词原形” ,其中 to 不是介词,而是 动词不定式符号,称为小品词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,动词不定式和后面的名词 等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 2. 用法:用法: (1)作宾语作宾语 动词不定式 (短语) 可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语, 能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有: begin, start, want, forget 等。 I want to tell you a story. 主意:如果 and 连接两个动词不定式,第二个

    35、动词不定式一般省略 to。 He wants to go and have a swim with us. 若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用 it 作形式宾语。 He found it hard to catch up with others. (2)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 有:tell, ask, want, like 等。 但在 let, make, see 等感官动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词 不定式,一般要省略动词不定式符号 to。 主意:感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的不定式,主动语态中

    36、不带 to,但变为被动语态时, 须加上 to。 The baby was made to cry by the boy. (3)动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语常用在 go, come, hurry 等不及物动词后,表目的。 He went to see his sister yesterday. 主意:有时可以吧不定式(短语)提前,放在句首,用来强调目的。 To learn English quickly and well, he went to England. 二、动词短语二、动词短语 10 有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语,表达一个概念,作用和一个单独的动

    37、词差不多,这种 短语可以称为动词短语,动词短语主要有下面几种类型: 1. V+adv(动词(动词+副词)副词) 这类动词短语相当于一个及物动词,若宾语是名词,名词可以放在动词与副词中间,也可放 在副词后面;若宾语是代词,则代词必须放在动词与副词中间。 He is looking it up in the dictionary. 2. V+prep(动词(动词+介词)介词) 3. V+adv+prep(动词(动词+副词副词+介词)介词) 这类动词短语相当于一个及物动词,后面须跟宾语,宾语只能放在介词的后面。 Dont look down upon the poor people from vil

    38、lages. 4. V+n+prep(动词(动词+名词名词+介词)介词) 这类动词短语也相当于一个及物动词, 后面须跟宾语, 通常动词后面作宾语的名词时固定的, 介词后面的名词可以视情况而定。 Please pay more attention to your spelling. 5. V+n(动词(动词+名词)名词) 这类动词短语中的名词与动词构成固定搭配,表达特定的意思。 Dont lose heart. Have another try. 即学即练即学即练 单项选择单项选择 1. She saw a lot of boys football on the playground when she walked past. A. play B. to play C. played D. playing 2. Jimmy cant buy any new books because he has his money. A. sold out B. run out of C. come out D. worked out


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