1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题十一专题十一 非谓语动词非谓语动词 中考总复习 1 3 知识导图知识导图 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 知识导图知识导图 定义：动词除在句中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形 容词及副词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾 语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动 词。 种类：动词不定式，动名词和分词。 考点梳理考点梳理 一、动词不定式，基本形式：一、动词不定式，基本形式：to动词原形（在某动词原形（在某 种情况下不带种情况下不带to） 考点一：动词不定式用法 用法 例子 1. 动 词不 定式 作主 语 To learn a foreign languag
2、e is not easy. Its not easy to learn a foreign language. 学习一门外语不容易。 注意：动词不定式作主语时，如主语太长，常用it 作形式主语，而将动词不定式后置，除be动词外， 动词take也可以用上述结构。 例如：It takes sb. some time to do sth. . 考点梳理考点梳理 用法 例子 2. 动词 不定式 作表语 My dream job is to be a teacher. 我梦想的工作就是当一名老师。 The problem is when to start the work. 问题是什么时候开始工作。
3、3. 动词 不定式 作宾语 动词to do 如：agree，choose，decide，fail，hope，wish，want， learn，forget，remember，like，love，happen，hate， plan，need，try，begin，start，refuse，promise， afford，offer，seem等。 动词疑问词to do Do you know how to learn English well？ 你知道如何学好英语吗？ 考点梳理考点梳理 用法 例子 3. 动词 不定式 作宾语 动词 （find，think，feel等）形式宾语（it）宾 补（adj.
4、 ）to do I find it important to learn a second language well. 我发现学好第二语言很重要。 4. 动词 不定式 作宾语 补足语 动词宾语to do，常见的搭配有tell，ask，wish， want，like，invite，warn，allow，advise，encourage， help，order，hate等。 Jenny asked me to show her the new pen. 詹妮让我把新钢笔给她看。 考点梳理考点梳理 用法 例子 4. 动词 不定式 作宾语 补足语 动词宾语不带to的动词不定式，常用的动词 是：感官动
5、词：see，hear，feel，watch，notice I often hear him sing in the room. 我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。 使役动词：have，make，let Her mother makes her study every night. 她妈妈让她每个晚上学习。 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 5. 动词不定 式作状语 表示目的，可用in order to 转换； Peter came here to visit his grandma yesterday. Peter came here in order to visit his grandma ye
6、sterday. 彼得昨天来这儿看望他的奶奶。 表示结果，可用tooto或形容词/副词 enoughto do 结构表达。 Jim is too young to go to school. Jim isnt old enough to go to school. 吉姆太小不能上学。 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 5. 动词不定 式作状语 表示原因 （主语形容词 to do） I am sorry to hear it. 听了这个我很难过。 I am annoyed to hear them talk like that. 听他们那样说话我很不高兴。 6. 动词不定 式作定语 Beiji
7、ng is a good place to take a vacation. 北京是一个度假的好地方。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：动词不定式考点二：动词不定式to的省略的省略 1. 感官动词 feel，hear， see，watch，notice及 使役动词have，let， make等后面用作宾语 补足语的动词不定式不 带to He is made to clean the room every day. 他被迫每天打扫房间。 注意：动词不定式可省略to， 但在变为被动语态时，要加上 to。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：动词不定式考点二：动词不定式to的省略的省略 2. 省略to常用的搭配：
8、why not do 为什么不干某事 had better do 最好干某事 would rather do than do 宁愿做而不愿做 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做而不愿做 Would （could） you please do sth. 请你做某事 注意：动词不定式的否定形式：not to do eg. My mother asks me not to play computer games. 妈妈叫我不要玩电脑游戏。 考点梳理考点梳理 二、动词二、动词ing形式用法形式用法 用法 例子 1. 动词ing形式作主语 （注意：如果主语太长， 可用形式主语
9、it代替。） Running is good for our health. 跑步对我们的健康有益。 Its interesting to play basketball after school. 放学后打篮球很有趣。 2. 动词ing形式作宾语 只能接动词ing形式作宾语的动 词有：finish，mind，practice， suggest，enjoy，consider，avoid等。 既可以接动词ing形式又可以接 动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin， start，like，prefer，love，hate等。 考点梳理考点梳理 二、动词二、动词ing形式用法形式用法 用法 例子 2.
10、 动词ing形式作宾 语 动词ing形式作介词的宾语 （介词之后接V. ing形式） I am good at playing tennis. 我擅长打网球。 3. 动词ing形式作表语 His favorite sport is playing basketball. 他最爱的运动就是打篮球。 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 4. 动词ing形式作定语 shopping basket 购物篮 swimming club 游泳俱乐部 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 like doing
11、 sth. 喜欢做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 enjoy doing sth. 乐意做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 介词doing sth. （） 做某事 make a contribution to doing sth. 为而做贡献 feel like doing sth. 想做某事 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 be（get） used to doing sth. 习
12、惯于做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 do some shopping 买东西 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 spend（in） doing sth. 花做某事 prefer doing to doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 What（How） about g
13、oing to visit the Great Wall with our classmates？ 为什么不和我们班同学去参观长城？ 考点梳理考点梳理 三、分词用法 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种 分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要在意思上有主 动与被动之分，现在分词一般有主动意思，过去分词一般 有被动的意思。 现在分词用法 例句 1. 作表语，现在分词作表语 表示主语具有的特征。 （注意：过去分词作表语多 表示主语所处的状态。） The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 （He
14、 felt very excited. 他感到很兴奋。） 考点梳理考点梳理 现在分词用法 例句 2. 作定语 developing country 发展中国家 The boy wearing glasses is my brother. The boy who is wearing glasses is my brother. 那个戴眼镜的男孩是我的兄弟。 3. 作宾补 主语动词宾语宾补， 可以带现在分词作宾补的 动词有：see，hear，feel， notice，find，look at， listen to，keep等。 see sb. doing sth. 表示看见某人正在干某事 I f
15、ound him lying on the floor. 我发现他躺在地板上。 考点梳理考点梳理 注意区别：amusing/amused，confusing/confused， disappointing/disappointed，exciting/excited， interesting/interested，surprising/surprised， tiring/tired等词的用法。 考点梳理考点梳理 过去分词的用法 例子 1. 作表语 My bike is broken. 我的自行车坏了。 2. 作定语 developed country发达国家 spoken English 英语口
16、语 3. 作宾补 Teenagers cant get their ears pierced. 青少年不能穿耳洞。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：动词不定式和动词ing形式的区别 1. 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动词 ing形式作宾语，但它们的区别不大。如：begin， start，hate，love，like等。 2. 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动词 ing形式作宾语，注意它们的不同意思。 考点梳理考点梳理 动词 doing sth. to do sth. remember 记得做过某事（动作已 发生） 记得要去做某事（动作 未发生） forget 忘了做过某事（动作已 发生
17、） 忘了要做某事（动作未 发生） regret 后悔过去做过某事 遗憾地要去做某事 mean 意味着做某事 打算做某事 try 试着做某事（看会发生 什么） 努力、尽力做某事 stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一事 go on 继续做原来的事 接着做另一事 cant help 禁不住、情不自禁地做 某事 无法帮助去做某事 考点梳理考点梳理 一、语法单项选择。 （ ）1. Young people are encouraged to work hard their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved C 中考特
18、训中考特训 （ ）2. After long years of war，many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）3. I cant afford an iPhone Pro Max because it is too expensive. A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought （ ）4. Have you ever seen the
19、 movie My Motherland and I （我和我的祖国）？ Yes， I think this movie is worth . A. to watch B. watching C. watch D. watched A B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. Smoking is bad for our health. So， students are not allowed at school. A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. not smoking （ ）6. The girl is often heard in the music room
20、. Her voice sounds beautiful. A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing D. to practice sing C B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）7. Alex，would you mind down the music？Its too noisy. Sorry，dad. I ll do it right away. A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turns （ ）8. A nurse Carolyn will look after the ba
21、by when his mother away A. naming；is B. naming；will be C. named；is D. named；will be B C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）9. The government is setting up nature parks protect pandas. A. to help B. help C. helped D. helps （ ）10. Is it necessary us . some photos before saving the old man？ Yes，it is. We can protect ourselve
22、s if we do so. A. of；taking B. for；taking C. of；to take D. for；to take A D 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句训练。 1. Tina sticks to the piano every day to achieve her dream. 2. I would like to at home instead of shopping. 3. The boy glasses is my cousin. 4. My father is used to a walk after dinner. playing stay weari
23、ng/with taking 中考特训中考特训 5. Dont forget to off the light when you leave the classroom. 6. I am looking forward to from you. Please write to me soon. 7. Youd better more time reading， because reading can make you wiser. 8. Linda used to have difficulty in . English， but now she is good at it. turn hea
24、ring spend learning 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练。 Have you ever been cheated by others？ 1 . can happen in a lot of different ways. When people cheat， its not fair to other people，like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game. 中考特训中考特训 Many people like the action of cheating. It m
25、akes difficult things 2 easy， like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesnt solve the problem of not knowing the material and it wont help on the next testunless the person cheats again. 中考特训中考特训 Some kids cheat because theyre busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without 3 t
26、heir time studying. Other kids might feel like they cant pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating， cheating isnt a good idea. 中考特训中考特训 If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldnt study， it would be better 4 with your teacher
27、about this. And if you dont have enough time 5 for a test because of swimming practice， you need to talk with your parents about how 6 swimming and school. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. Cheat B. Cheating C. Cheated D. To cheat （ ）2. A. seemed B. to seem C. seems D. seem （ ）3. A. spends B. spent C. spending D. s
28、pend （ ）4. A. to talk B. talking C. talked D. talks （ ）5. A. studied B. studies C. studying D. to study （ ）6. A. balance B. balancing C. to balance D. balanced B D C A D C 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。 One day， a lady on a carriage saw a young man walking on the rocky road. But the young man didnt wear shoes and
29、 it seemed that there was 1 wrong with his feet. She asked the driver 2 him up， and said she would pay 3 him. Then she asked the young man 4 he was going. He said he was going for the nearest seaport， to offer himself as a sailor. 中考特训中考特训 Twenty years 5 ， on the same road， a sea captain 6 was on a
30、carriage saw an old lady walking along， and he made the driver stop his horses. He picked up the old lady， saying，“Ill pay the money. ” After getting on the carriage， the old lady thanked the captain. “For，” said she，“I am 7 poor to pay for a ride now. ”The captain said，“I remember， 中考特训中考特训 twenty
31、years ago when I was a poor man， near this very place， I 8 a ride on a carriage along the road by a kind lady. ” “Ah，”she was surprised，“ I am that lady！ But things 9 with me since then. ”“Well，” said the captain，“I have made some money， and have come home to enjoy it. I 10 . you twenty-five pounds
32、a year if you accept my offer” The old ladys eyes were full of tears， and thankfully accepted the sailors offer. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing （ ）2. A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. picked （ ）3. A. to B. at C. in D. for （ ）4. A. what B. when C. how D. where （ ）5. A
33、. late B. later C. latest D. the latest A B D D B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose （ ）7. A. too B. very C. such D. so （ ）8. A. am offered B. was offered C. offered D. offer （ ）9. A. change B. changed C. is changing D. have changed （ ）10. A. give B. gave C. will give D. was giving A A B D C 中考特训中考特训
