1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题五专题五 形容词、副词形容词、副词 中考总复习 1 3 知识导图知识导图 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 知识导图知识导图 语法分析：形容词用来修饰名词或不定代词， 说明事物和人的性质和特征，在句中作定语、表语 及宾语补足语；而副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其 他副词，在句中作状语、表语、补语和定语。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点一：形容词的用法和位置 用法和位置 例子 1. 作定语，放在名词前， 不定代词后 a red apple，an old man，anything important 2. 作表语，放在系动词后 asleep，afraid，alive，a
2、lone， worth 3. 作宾语补足语，放在宾 语后，常与make，leave， keep连用 The news made me excited. 这消息使我很兴奋。 4. 放在定冠词后，变成名 词，表示一类人或一类事 物或概念 The young should look after the old. 年轻人应该照顾老人。 Its important for the rich to help the poor. 富人帮助穷人很重要。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：副词的种类、作用和位置 种 类 时间副词：now，still， then，soon，late等 I often help my mo
3、ther do the dishes after dinner. 我经常在饭后帮助妈妈洗餐具。 地点副词： home， here，there等，放在动 词之后不再加to He went home quietly. 他一声不吭地回家了。 方式副词：一般由形 容词ly演变，用来回 答“怎样地”这类问题（ happily，quickly， quietly，carefully， simply等） We are doing our homework carefully. 我们正在很仔细地做作业。 *还有与形容词同形的副词：fast， early，hard，late 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：副词的种类、
4、作用和位置 种 类 程度副词：much，a little等 I only have a little money. 我只有一些钱。 疑问副词：how，why等， 用于引导特殊疑问句 How does he go to school？ 他怎么上学？ 频率副词：usually， sometimes，once a week 等，常用how often提问 How often do you exercise？ 你多久锻炼一次？ 连接副词：how，when 等，用于状语从句或宾 语从句中，充当连接词 I want to know how he finished the work. 我想知道他如何完成这项
5、工作。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：副词的种类、作用和位置 作 用 作状语，用来修饰动 词、形容词、其他副 词或句子 He runs fast. 他跑得快。 I have been very busy these days. 我这些日子很忙。 作表语，用来说明主 语的状态 When the meeting is over，please give me a call. 会议结束时，给我打个电话。 作定语，通常后置 All the students here will have a test this week. 这儿的所有学生本周都要考试。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：副词的种类、作用和位置 位 置
6、 副词作状语时，通常放 在谓语动词之后，如果 谓语动词后带有宾语， 则放在宾语之后 All of us can sing well. 我们所有人都能唱得好。 频率副词作状语时放在 be动词、助动词或情态 动词之后，行为动词之 前 He always goes to school by bus. 他总是坐公共汽车上学。 My father is always busy. 我爸爸总是很忙碌。 副词修饰形容词或副词 时，置于所修饰的词语 之前。但是，enough修 饰形容词或副词时则放 在所修饰词之后 My fathers oral English is really good. 我父亲的英语口语非
7、常好。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：副词的种类、作用和位置 位 置 地点副词、时间副词和 方式副词放在句尾，它 们同时出现时顺序是： 方式副词地点副词 时间副词 The students are doing the exercises carefully in the classroom now. 学生们在教室很认真地做练 习。 Many people take exercise happily in the park every day. 很多人每天在公园里很高兴地锻 炼。 程度副词一般放在被修 饰的形容词或副词前面， 放在情态动词和助动词 之后 The kites fly quite hig
8、h. 这些风筝飞得相当高。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：副词的种类、作用和位置 else 修饰疑问词what，who， whom，whose，where和不定 代词something，anything， nothing，everything等时要后置 I have something else to tell you. 我还有一些事情要告诉你。 What else can you see in the picture？ 在图画里你还看见什么？ 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的规则变化 规则变化 例子 单音节词或少数双音节词 在词尾加er或est，分 别构成比较级和最高级
9、talltallertallest cleancleanercleanest youngyoungeryoungest 以不发音字母e结尾的形 容词和副词，只加r构成 比较级，加st构成最高 级 latelaterlatest nicenicernicest largelargerlargest bravebraverbravest 以“辅音字母y”结尾的词， 先将y变成i，再加er构 成比较级，加est构成最 高级 heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest earlyearlierearliest healthyhealthierhealthiest 考点
10、梳理考点梳理 考点三：形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的规则变化 规则变化 例子 以一个辅音字母结尾的重 读闭音节词，双写这一辅 音字母再加er或est thinthinnerthinnest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest bigbiggerbiggest 多音节或部分双音节词和 多数以ly结尾的副词， 在其前加more或most beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful importantmore important most important popularmore popularmost popular quickly
11、more quicklymost quickly 考点梳理考点梳理 考点四：形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化 口诀 原级 比较级 最高级 两多 many more most much 两好 good better best well 两坏病 bad worse worst badly ill 考点梳理考点梳理 考点四：形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化 口诀 原级 比较级 最高级 一老 old elder（家庭中表长幼） eldest older（岁数大，东西旧） oldest 一少 little less least 远距离 far farther（距离远） farthest
12、further（程度深，深入） furthest 不规则变化口诀助记：两多，两好，两坏病，一老，一 少，远距离。具体变化见上表。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点五：形容词和副词比较级的修饰语，主要有考点五：形容词和副词比较级的修饰语，主要有 much，even，a little，a lot等等 It is much easier to email a letter than to post it. 发邮件比寄信容易多了。 That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus. 那肯定比乘车好玩得多。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点六：形容词和副词的原级用法 用法 例子 v
13、ery，so，too，quite， rather原级 The man is very （so，quite，rather） kind. 这个男人是非常（如此，相当，十 分）仁慈的。 Its too cold outside. Come in please. 外面太冷，请进来吧。 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 “A谓语动词as原 级asB”表示“A和B 一样” English is as important as Chinese. 英语和语文一样重要。 I get up as early as my sister. 我起得和姐姐一样早。 “A谓语动词notas 原级asB”表示“A 不如B”
14、 The weather in Beijing is not as hot as that in Wuhan. The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing. 北京的天气不如武汉的天气热。 I think maths is not as easy as Chinese. I think Chinese is easier than maths. 我想数学不如语文容易。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点七：形容词和副词的比较级的用法 用法 例子 “A谓语动词比较级 thanB”表示“A比B” Lilys room is bigger than To
15、nys. 莉莉的房间比托尼的房间大。 Jim runs faster than Tom. 吉姆跑得比汤姆快。 “A谓语动词less 原级 thanB”表示“A不比 B” I think music is less important than Chinese. I think Chinese is more important than music. 我想音乐不如语文重要。 Lucy writes less carefully than Lily. Lily writes more carefully than Lucy. 露西写得不如莉莉认真。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点七：形容词和副词的比较级
16、的用法 用法 例子 “A谓语动词比较级 than any other 单数名词” 表示“A比任何一个 都” Simon is taller than any other boy in his class. Simon is the tallest boy in his class. / Simon is taller than the other boys in his class. 西蒙是班上最高的男孩。 “A谓语动词the 比较 级of the two”表示 “两者中较” Mike is the taller of the two brothers. 两兄弟中迈克更高。 考点梳理考点梳理
17、考点七：形容词和副词的比较级的用法 用法 例子 “the比较级，the比较 级”意为“越，就 越”，表示两个过程按 比例同时增减。 The busier he is，the happier he feels. 他越忙越开心。 The higher the ground is，the thinner air becomes. 离地面越高，空气越稀薄。 “比较级and比较级”或 “more and more多音节词 的形容词或副词”表示“越 来越” Our life gets better and better. 我们的生活会越来越好。 Our city is becoming more and
18、more beautiful. 我们的城市会变得越来越漂亮。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点八：形容词和副词的最高级用法 用法 例子 “A谓语动词（the） 最高级in/of短语”表示在某 一范围内或某类人或物中 “最” This park is the most beautiful of the four. 这公园是四个中最漂亮的。 Jack studies the hardest in his class. 杰克是班里最勤奋的。 “A谓语动词one of the 最高级复数名词in/of”表 示“是最之一” Nancy is one of the most popular students in
19、our school. 南希是我们学校最受欢迎的 学生之一。 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 用法 例子 “A谓语动词the 序数词最高级名词 in/of短语”表示“ 是第最的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。 “特殊疑问句谓语动 词the最高级，A， B or C？”表示“在A、B、 C中，最” Which is the biggest，the sun，the moon or the earth？ 太阳、月亮和地球哪个最大？ Who has the most storybooks，Li Lei，J
20、im or Lily？ 李雷、吉姆和莉莉谁有最多的故事 书？ 考点梳理考点梳理 1. Ving形容词表示主动意义，多指人或事物本形容词表示主动意义，多指人或事物本 身的特点，强调这种特点对人的影响；身的特点，强调这种特点对人的影响；Ved形容形容 词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一 般是人。如：般是人。如： I am very interested in the interesting book. 我对那本有趣的书非常感兴趣。 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 形容词形容词ly变成副词，但有些以变成副词，但有些以ly结尾的词不结尾的词不 是副词，而是形容
21、词。如：是副词，而是形容词。如： friendly，lonely， lovely，ugly等。 3. alone独自的；独自的；lonely孤独的。如：孤独的。如： The old man lives alone，but he doesnt feel lonely. 老人自己住，但他却不感到孤单。 考点梳理考点梳理 4. too，also，either用法辨析用法辨析 too主要用于肯定句，常放在句末。如： He likes English，and I like it，too. 他喜欢英语，我也喜欢。 also主要用于肯定句，常放在be动词或助动词之后 ，行为动词之前，试比较： They ar
22、e also teachers. 他们也是老师。 考点梳理考点梳理 They can also play the guitar. 他们也会弹吉他。 They also like playing the guitar. 他们也喜欢弹吉他。 either用于否定句，常放在句末。如： I dont go to school today. He doesnt，either. 我今天没上学，他也没有。 考点梳理考点梳理 5. already和和yet的用法辨析的用法辨析 already常用于肯定句，如： I have finished doing my homework already. 我已经做完作业
23、。 yet常用于否定句和疑问句句末，如： They havent been there yet. 他们还没到那儿。 /I am not sure yet. 我还不确定。/Not yet. 还没呢。 考点梳理考点梳理 6. every day是副词短语，意为是副词短语，意为“每天每天”，用作状语，用作状语 ；everyday是形容词，意为是形容词，意为“平常的，日常的平常的，日常的”，用，用 作定语，如：作定语，如： The classroom must be cleaned every day. 必须每天都打扫教室。 They speak everyday English. 他们讲日常用语。
24、考点梳理考点梳理 7. too much 不可数名词，表不可数名词，表“太多太多”： He spends too much time playing football. 他花太多时间踢足球了。 much too 形容词或副词原级，表形容词或副词原级，表“太太”： It is much too cold today. 今天太冷了。 考点梳理考点梳理 8. hard和hardly hard 作形容词表示 “困难的，硬的”，作副词表示“努 力，猛烈地”。而hardly是一个否定词表示“几乎不”。 9. 比较级前面一般没有定冠词the，但遇到以下句型 时要用the。 He is the heavier
25、 of the two boys. 他是两个男孩子中更重的那个。 Lily is the cleverer of the twins. 莉莉是双胞胎中更聪明的那个。 考点梳理考点梳理 10. 最高级的句型有时可以用比较级句型表示，但 要注意搭配。具体如下： Shanghai is the largest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 Shanghai is larger than any other city （any other 单数） in China. （上海和其他城市都属于中国，同范围） 考点梳理考点梳理 Shanghai is larger than the
26、other cities （the other 复数） in China. （上海和其他城市都属于中国 ，同范围） 区别：Shanghai is larger than any city （any 单数 ） in India. 上海比印度的任何城市都要大。（这里 上海是中国的，而其他城市是印度的，所以它们的 范围不同） 考点梳理考点梳理 一、语法单项选择。 （ ）1. Fishing is one of activities among the middle-aged people. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most
27、popular （ ）2. A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much than the one with 4G. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest D B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）3. My grandpa practices playing the guitar in the university for the elderly every day. Cool！ Its never too old to learn. A. hard B. hardly C. great D. greatly
28、（ ）4. What do you think of the movie Operation Red Sea？ Wonderful. Ive never seen a movie than it. A. more excited B. more exciting B. C. most excited D. most exciting B A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. A new study shows that many runners find it to run in winter than in summer. A. easy B. easier C. easily D. more
29、easily （ ）6. David is good at math. But he didnt get good grades this time because he was too . A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. carelessly C B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）7. you practice， you will be at math. A. The more；the better B. The more；the best C. The most；the better D. The most；the best A 中考特训中考特训 （
30、 ）8. Diana. I forget new words quickly. How can I remember them？ Dont worry. Its to forget new words！I suggest you read the words and try to use them. A. rude B. exciting C. perfect D. natural D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）9. Next Monday is our mothers birthday. Lets buy some cards for her. Why not make some oursel
31、ves？ It will be much . A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）10. As we know，its very difficult to live in a foreign country like the UK，the US and so on. I agree. if you dont understand the local language. A. Especially B. Generally C. Naturally
32、 D. Exactly A 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句训练。 1. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the cross-sea bridge in the world. 2. The new car is so that I cant afford it. 3. It rained last night and the streets were full of water. longest expensive/dear heavily/hard 中考特训中考特训 4. Many doctors and nurses went to Wuhan
33、and fought against COVID19 . They are real heroes. 5. Mr. Smith is so that he always explains problems to us over and over again. 6. Bill didnt get ready for the math test， so he felt while taking the test. bravely patient nervous/worried 中考特训中考特训 7. Bob failed the English exam again. It was for him
34、 to learn English well. 8. A traffic accident happened in our neighborhood yesterday. ， nobody was hurt. difficult/hard Luckily 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练。 I used to spend long holidays and vacations doing 1 things. For example， I enjoy playing with my phone， using the Internet and watching TV. But this summe
35、r， I decided to go through a whole vacation without my phone or the Internet. So I went to my grandmothers village in the countryside. 中考特训中考特训 As soon as I arrived at my grandmothers home， I felt 2 . How 3 the village was！ The green and yellow plants were 4 than you could possibly imagine. I stood
36、in one field， closing my eyes and smelling the rice 5 . At the moment， I told myself it was life， a 6 life that I had been dreaming of. From then on， I started living a comfortable village life. I went fishing， flew kites in the field， rode a 中考特训中考特训 bicycle everywhere I wanted and ran after the ki
37、ds 7 . Although there was no phone or Internet， I felt so joyful. My happy stay was all too short. Soon， I had to leave the village and go back to the city. To be 8 ， I didnt feel like leaving. I learned that life can be simple， but I can still fully enjoy my life. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. boring B. useful
38、 C. meaningful D. helpful （ ）2. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. nervous D. sad （ ）3. A. peacefully B. peaceful C. noisy D. noisily （ ）4. A. the most beautiful B. beautiful C. more beautiful D. beautifully A B B C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. A. angry B. angrily C. quiet D. quietly （ ）6. A. simple B. simply C. hard D. h
39、ardly （ ）7. A. happily B. happy C. heavily D. hungrily （ ）8. A. fine B. honest C. friendly D. close D A A B 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。 My mom and dad broke up when I was 6 years old. I ended up living with my mom. As a hardworking mother， my mom had to 1 for both of us in the city. She worked hard to pay for
40、our rent and my school， so there 2 much money left for other things. 中考特训中考特训 One day， I 3 to my best friends birthday party. My mom had just paid the rent and it would be some time until she could get her next paycheck， 4 she couldnt help me buy a gift. I 5 just a birthday card. I was old enough to
41、 understand， but still felt 6 . 中考特训中考特训 I went to my friends house the day before his birthday because his mom had planned a sleepover. Having realized my 7 situation， my friends mom secretly took me aside and laid out the toys that she had bought her son for his birthday. She let me pick 8 out and
42、 write my name on it. I was 9 . at her kindness. 中考特训中考特训 I am 37 now. Although my mom is no longer single and our family isnt poor 10 ， I am still thankful to my friends mom for what she did. That one act made a big difference to me. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. provided B. provides C. provide D. providing （
43、）2. A. was B. wasnt C. were D. werent （ ）3. A. invited B. am invited C. was invited D. was inviting （ ）4. A. so B. but C. and D. because （ ）5. A. bring B. brings C. brought D. have brought C B C A C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. awkward B. awkwardly C. excitedly D. excited （ ）7. A. family B. familys C. families D. families （ ）8. A. it B. this C. that D. one （ ）9. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprises D. surprise （ ）10. A. at all B. in all C. no more D. anymore A B D B D 中考特训中考特训
