1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题七专题七 连词和状语从句连词和状语从句 中考总复习 1 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 语法分析：连词是连接单词，短语或句子的虚 词。连词可以分为并列连词和从属连词。 考点梳理考点梳理 并列连词 and 和 but 但是 or 或者 so 因此，所以 while 然而 yet 但是 bothand 和都； 既也 eitheror 或者或者； 不是就是 not onlybut also 不但而且 neitheror 既不也不 从属连词 though/although 虽然 when，while 当时候 if 如果 whether，if 是否 becaus
2、e 因为 even if/even though 即使 before 在之前 after 在之后 unless 除非 as soon as 一就 notuntil 直到才 考点梳理考点梳理 考点一：并列连词考点一：并列连词bothand，eitheror， not onlybut also和和neithernor的辨析的辨析 辨析 例子 1. bothand意为“ 和都；既也 ”。连接句子两个主语时，谓 语动词通常用复数形式 David likes both English and maths. 大卫既喜欢英语，又喜欢 数学。 Both Beijing and Guangzhou have t
3、raffic problems. 北京和广州都有交通问题。 考点梳理考点梳理 辨析 例子 2. eitheror意为“或者 或者；不是就 是”，表示在两者之间进 行选择。连接句子两个主语时， 谓语动词采取“就近原则” He will come either on Saturday or on Sunday. 他不是在周六就是在周日来。 Either she or I am right. 要么是她对，要么是我对。 3. not onlybut also意为“不 但而且连接句子两个 主语时，谓语动词采取“就近 原则” Tom can speak not only English but also
4、French. 汤姆不仅会说英语还会说法语。 Not only you but also I am interested in the book. 不光是你，我也对这本书感兴 趣。 考点梳理考点梳理 辨析 例子 4. neithernor意为 “既 不也不” ，表示对 两者的否定，句中不可再用 否定词not或no。连接句子两 个主语时，谓语动词采取“就 近原则” She could neither read the word nor spell it. 她既不会读这个单词，也不 会拼写这个单词。 Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不对。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：
5、从属连词考点二：从属连词if的用法的用法 辨析 例子 if引导条件状语从句，它表 示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。 在复合句中如果主句用一般 将来时，则if引导的状语从 句用一般现在时 If it doesnt rain，we will go to the park next Sunday. 如果天不下雨，下周星期天我们 将去公园。 If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你求他，他将会帮助你。 if还可以引导宾语从句。引 导宾语从句时的意思是“是 否”，和whether意思相同 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜
6、欢它。 She asked if/whether they had a cotton one. 她问是否他们有一件棉织的。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：从属连词考点三：从属连词when，while的用法：的用法：when， while都有都有“当当时候时候”的意思。的意思。 辨析 例子 when既可表示某一点时间， 也可以表示某一段时间。在 when引导的时间状语从句中， 其谓语动词可以是延续性的， 也可以是非延续性的，可与 主句中的谓语动词同时发生， 也可在其后发生 I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正
7、在看书。 Were you writing when the teacher came in？ 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：从属连词考点三：从属连词when，while的用法：的用法：when， while都有都有“当当时候时候”的意思。的意思。 辨析 例子 while只能表示某一段时间， 不能表示某一点时间。在 while引导的时间状语从句中， 其谓语动词只能是延续性的， 而且也只能与主句中的谓语 动词同时发生或存在 While Jim was mending his bike， Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉 姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
8、 Jenny is doing her homework while Simon is watching TV. 西蒙在看电视的时候，珍妮在 做家庭作业。 考点梳理考点梳理 while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when 引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. While I was doing my homework，my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。
9、考点梳理考点梳理 并列连词and和or在“祈使句and/or简单句”句式中的运用。 1. “祈使句祈使句and简单句简单句” 与与 “If you，youll” 同义。同义。 Work hard，and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你会通过考试。 If you work hard，you will pass the exam. 如果你努力学习，就会通过考试。 If you dont work hard，you wont pass the exam. 如果你不努力，就通不过考试。 考点梳理考点梳理 2. “祈使句祈使句or简单句简单句”与与“If you dont，
10、 youll”同义，其中同义，其中or意为意为“否则否则”。 Hurry up，or you will miss the bus. 快点，否则你就错过公交车了。 If you hurry up，you wont miss the bus. 如果你快点，就不会错过公交车了。 If you dont hurry up，you will miss the bus. 如果你不快点，就错过公交车了。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点四：状语从句 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用修饰主句中的谓 语动词、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导 ，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用 。根据意义可分为时间状语从句、地
11、点状语从句、 原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条 件状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较 状语从句。 考点梳理考点梳理 1. 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，before，after ， while，since，as，till，as soon as，until等。 （1）when 当的时候 when引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作与从句 的动作是同时发生的，或者从句的动作发生在主句 之前的。可表示“一段时间”或“时间点”。 eg. She was reading a book when I called her. 我打电话给她时，她在看书。 考点梳理考点梳理
12、 （2）while 当的时候 while引导的时间状语从句只能表示一段时间（与 延续性动词连用），不能表示时间点（不可与非延 续性动词连用） eg. While she was doing her homework，her mother was doing the cooking. 她做作业时，她的妈妈在做饭。 I came in while he was watching TV. 他看电视时，我进来了。 考点梳理考点梳理 （3）untiltill 直到 until，till引导的时间状语从句时，主句与从句都是 肯定句，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词。当主句用 否定句，从句用肯定句，主句的谓语动词
13、为非延续 性动词，即是notuntil结构，意为“直到才 ”，常可以与after，before进行句型转换。 考点梳理考点梳理 eg. I will stand here until your father comes back. 我会站在这儿等你爸爸回来。 He didnt go home until he finished his homework. He went home after he finished his homework. 直到做完作业，他才回家。 考点梳理考点梳理 （4）as soon as 一就 eg. I will tell him about this as soo
14、n as he comes back. 他一回来，我就告诉他这件事情。 注意：不管主句是用一般将来时，还是一般现在时 ，或主句是祈使句时，时间状语从句都用一般现在 时，不能用一般将来时。 I will tell him the news when he gets back tomorrow. 当他明天回来时，我会告诉他这个消息。 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有： if，unless if not（ 除非，如果不） What will you do if it rains tomorrow？ 如果明天下雨，你将干什么？ 考点梳理考点梳理 You will fall
15、 behind others unless you work hard. You will fall behind others if you dont work hard. 你会落后于别人，除非你努力学习。 注意：主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表 示一般将来时。 3. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句用连词where和wherever引导。 She follows him wherever he goes. 他无论到哪里她总跟着。 考点梳理考点梳理 4. 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，since（既 然），as（由于）等。 because表示事情发生的直接原因。 H
16、e didnt come to school today because he was ill. 他病了，所以没上学。 考点梳理考点梳理 since意为“既然，因为”，since从句表示显然的或 已知道的理由。 Since everybody is here，lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都在这儿，让我们开始我们的会议吧。 as引导原因状语从句，表示“正如所知道的那样” 。as从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。 As everybody knows water is important to us，lets protect the water. 众所周知水很重要，
17、让我们保护水吧。 考点梳理考点梳理 5. 比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：than，asas，not asas等 Tom went to school earlier than Jim. 汤姆上学比吉姆早。 English is as important as Chinese. 英语与语文一样重要。 考点梳理考点梳理 6. 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat. ， suchthat，意思都是“如此以致”，so 之后接形容词或副词，such之后接名词。 so 形容词/ 副词that such 名词 that so many/ few可数名词复数that so much/
18、 little不可数名词that 考点梳理考点梳理 eg. The girl is so young that she cant go to school. 女孩太小，以致不能上学。 He is such a kind teacher that we all like him. 他是如此好的老师，以致我们都喜欢他。 注意：sothat可以和tooto，not. enough to句型转换。 考点梳理考点梳理 eg. The box is so heavy that we cant move it. The box is too heavy for us to move. The box is
19、not light enough for us to move. 这个箱子太重，我们提不起。 考点梳理考点梳理 7. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that 等。从句in order that 可以用in order to do sth. 来转 换。 I sit in the front of the classroom so that I can hear the teacher clearly. I sit in the front of the classroom in order that I can hear the teacher cle
20、arly. 考点梳理考点梳理 I sit in the front of the classroom in order to hear the teacher clearly. 我坐在教室的前面为了我能听清楚老师说的话。 考点梳理考点梳理 8. 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though， even though，even if，和no matter短语等。 Although he is young ，he knows a lot. 尽管他年轻，但他懂很多。 注意： though与but；because与so 不能出现在同一 组主从复合句中，二者只能取其中一个。 考
21、点梳理考点梳理 Although he is young ，he knows a lot. He is young but he knows a lot. no matter 短语有：no matter whatwhatever，no matter whenwhenever，no matter who whoever ，no matter，where wherever 注意：让步状语从句不能用一般将来时，要用一般 现在时表示一般将来时。 考点梳理考点梳理 9. 注意：when和if在宾语从句与条件状语从句时的 时态问题。when和if在宾语从句时，后接句该用什 么时态就用什么时态；在条件状语从
22、句时，后接句 用一般现在时表将来时。如： （1）I dont know when he will come（宾语从句， 他还没来，用将来时）. If he comes （条件状语从 句），please ring me up at once. 我不知道他什么时 候来。如果他来，请马上给我电话。 考点梳理考点梳理 （2）He wonders if he will go with her this afternoon （宾语从句，他还没去，用将来时）. If he goes with her（条件状语从句），he will tell her by himself. 他不知道他下午是否和她去。如果他和
23、她 去，他会亲自告诉她。 考点梳理考点梳理 一、语法单项选择。 （ ）1. We should take care of the earth . we can make a better world to live in. A. so that B. until C. even if D. while （ ）2. China is getting more and more independent of western technology， it is leading in many fields，such as the self-driving car industry. A. if B.
24、 or C. but D. and A D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）3. Which show do you prefer， Running Man or Singers2019？ Running Man， of course. I . my brother likes it. A. Both； and B. Neither； nor C. Either； or D. Not only； but also D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）4. American Agent （美国特工） is wonderful I want to see it a second time. A. such； th
25、at B. so； that C. too； to D. enough； to （ ）5. Excuse me. Is it my turn now？ Not yet. Please wait on the chair your name is called. A. and B. until C. although D. since B B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. I really want to pass the exam for further study. Believe in yourself，dear！Your dream will come true you put your
26、 heart into it. A. even if B. as long as C. as soon as D. even though B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）7. many typhoons（台风） come our way every year， most of them turn halfway and miss Shantou completely. A. When B. Before C. Although D. Unless （ ）8. Our school football team wont win the match we work hard together. A.
27、 if B. unless C. because D. when C B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）9. The football fans cheered they heard the exciting news. A. even though B. in order that C. as soon as D. as long as C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）10. Chinese government sent two pandas， Ruyi and Dingding，to Russia several days ago. The relationship China Russia wi
28、ll be closer than before，I think. A. both；and B. not only；but also C. either；or D. between；and D 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句训练。 1. I can go shopping with you， I have to finish my homework first. 2. we dont take action to cut down the land pollution， our earth will be in danger. 3. I was late for class my alar
29、m clock didnt go off. 4. it rains hard outside， the workers still go on working. but If because Although/ Though 中考特训中考特训 5. The students were reading the teacher came into the classroom. 6. Frank has been teaching in this school . he came to China. 7. Hurry up， you will be late. 8. You should knock
30、 at the door you enter the room. when since or before 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练。 Once， a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well. After they began their work， he left them， saying， “ 1 the sun is down， I will come and see your work. ” 2 the king left，
31、one of them said， “Whats the use of doing this foolish work？ We can never fill 中考特训中考特训 the basket. ”Another man answered， “That is none of your business. ” The first man said. “You may do as you like， 3 I am not going to work at something so foolish. ” He threw away his bucket 4 went away. The othe
32、r man said no word， and kept on carrying water. At last the well was almost empty. 中考特训中考特训 5 he poured the last bucket of water into the basket， he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up. It was such a beautiful gold ring 6 he couldnt believe his eyes. Just then the king came. 7 he saw the ring，
33、 he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You have done so well in this little thing，” he said， “now I know I can believe you with many things. ” 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. Although B. If C. When D. Or （ ）2. A. Before B. After C. But D. So （ ）3. A. becau
34、se B. so C. if D. but （ ）4. A. till B. and C. but D. though C B D B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. A. As B. If C. Unless D. So that （ ）6. A. that B. when C. but D. until （ ）7. A. While B. As soon as C. Before D. So A A B 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。 Paul was a rich young man. When his father died ， he left Paul 1 beautiful far
35、m. 2 ， before Paul could sell it for a lot of money， a lightning caused a fire that destroyed it. When Paul saw the beautiful green trees 3 overnight， he felt his heart was broken. 中考特训中考特训 In order to bring back the farms beauty， Paul tried to borrow money 4 a bank. But the bank refused him， becaus
36、e the bank didnt believe 5 . he would pay it back. Then he felt too upset to eat or drink. So he 6 himself in his room for days. His wife was worried about him and suggested that he 7 take a walk outside. 中考特训中考特训 Paul went for a walk. 8 he turned the first corner， he saw a store with lots of people
37、. They were lining up 9 charcoal （木炭） used for winter heating. Then Pauls eyes lit up. He ran home and hired some charcoal workers to process（处理） the farms burnt trees into charcoal. As soon as 10 charcoal 中考特训中考特训 went on the market， it was sold out quickly. Soon， he sold more than 1 000 boxes of c
38、harcoal and made much money. The following year in the spring， he used the money to buy a large number of little trees. After a few years， the farm that everyone thought had disappeared came to life again. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. the B. an C. a D. / （ ）2. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Unluckily （ ）3. A.
39、burnt B. were burnt C. burn D. are burnt （ ）4. A. to B. by C. from D. with （ ）5. A. that B. what C. who D. where C D B C A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. hides B. hid C. will hide D. has hidden （ ）7. A. need B. must C. should D. could （ ）8. A. Although B. Unless C. Before D. When （ ）9. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought （ ）10. A. he B. his C. him D. himself B C D B B 中考特训中考特训
