1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题九专题九 动词的时态动词的时态 中考总复习 1 3 知识导图知识导图 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 知识导图知识导图 学习重点： 1. 掌握动词的八种基本时态的构成和用法（一般现 在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过 去进行时、现在完成时、过去将来时和过去完成时 ）。 2. 掌握动词的五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在 时第三人称单数形式、动词的ing形式、动词的过去 式和过去分词。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点一：一般现在时 1. 第三人称单数动词变化规则： 规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式 一般在词尾加s，（清辅音 后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/
2、；在t 后读/ts/，在d后读/dz/。） play leave plays leaves 以字母s，x，ch，sh，o结尾的 词加es，读/iz/，如果动词原 形词尾已有e，则只加s。 pass teach wish passes teaches wishes 以字母o结尾的词加es，读 /z/ do does 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先 变y为i，再加es，读/z/。 study carry fly studies carries flies 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 一般现在时的用法 用法 例子 （1）表示经常的或习惯性 的动作，常与表示频度的副 词连用。常用的频度副词有： always，
3、often，usually， seldom，never，once a week 等。频度副词在句中通常放 在行为动词之前，系动词、 助动词之后。 He often goes swimming in summer. 他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家去上 学。 （2）表示现在的状态。 My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 一般现在时的用法 用法 例子
4、 （3）表示主语具 备的性格、特征和 能力等。 All my family love football. 我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others. 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann does not speak English well. 安的英语说得不好。 （4）表示客观真 理，客观存在，自 然现象（如宾语从 句中）。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 一般现在时的用法
5、用法 例子 （5）在复合句 中，当主句是一 般将来时，时间 或条件状语从句 只能用一般现在 时来表示将来要 发生的动作。 Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If he comes back，I will talk with him. 如果他回来，我会和他谈谈。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：一般过去时 1. 动词过去式的规则变化： 构成规则 动词原形 动词过去式 一般在动词原形末尾 加ed，（在清辅音 后读/t/；在浊辅音和 元音后读/d/；在/t/， /d/后读/id/。） look play work looke
6、d played worked 结尾是e的动词在末尾 加d like live hope liked lived hoped 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：一般过去时 1. 动词过去式的规则变化： 构成规则 动词原形 动词过去式 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节，先 双写这个辅音字母， 再加ed plan stop drop planned stopped dropped 结尾是“辅音字母y” 的动词，先变“y”为“i” 再加ed study worry cry studied worried cried 注：不规则动词过去式参见九年级课本不规则动词表。 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 用法 用法 例子
7、 （1）表示过去某个时间所发 生的动作或存在的状态。常 和表示过去的时间状语 yesterday，last week，an hour ago，just now，the other day， in 1982等连用。在一般过去 式中，要表达“过多少时间之 后”，一般用after。 Where did you go just now？ 刚才你上哪儿去了？ After a few years，she started to play the piano. 几年后，她开始弹钢琴。 （2）表示在过去，经常或反 复发生的动作。常与often， always等表示频度的副词连用。 When I was a ch
8、ild，I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在 马路上踢足球。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：一般将来时 1. 用will动词原形，用来表达将来在某一时间要 发生的动作或状态；当主语为第一人称时，will可 用shall来替代。 2. 用be going to动词原形，用来表示打算、计划 去做或不久将要发生的动作。 考点梳理考点梳理 3. 常用的时间状语（标志词）有：tomorrow（明天 ）；next week/year（下周/明年）；one day（有一 天）；in two days（两天后）。 eg. The Olympic Ga
9、mes will be held in four years. 奥运会将会在四年后举行。 Lucy is going to go shopping this afternoon. 露丝打算今天下午去购物。 考点梳理考点梳理 4. 表示往来运动的某些短暂性动词，可用现在进行 时表示将来时。这类动词有：arrive，come，go， leave，fly，move等。如： He is coming to see me next week. 他下星期将要来看我。 We are going on a field trip tomorrow. 我们明天将去郊游。 We are leaving for /
10、flying to London. 我们将要动身前往/飞去伦敦。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点四：现在进行时 现在进行时的构成：am/is/are动词的现在分词 1. 动词V. ing的构成形式 规则 原形 ing形式 （1）一般在动词原 形末尾加ing listen spend stay listening spending staying （2）以不发音字母 e结尾的动词，先去 掉e，再加ing have prepare close having preparing closing 考点梳理考点梳理 考点四：现在进行时 现在进行时的构成：am/is/are动词的现在分词 1. 动词V. ing的
11、构成形式 规则 原形 ing形式 （3）以重读闭音节结尾 的动词，如果末尾只有 一个辅音字母，应先双 写这个辅音字母，再加 ing sit begin run put sitting beginning running putting （4）以ie为重读音节结 尾的动词，把ie改为y， 再加ing lie die lying dying 考点梳理考点梳理 2. 用法 用法 例子 （1）表示现在（指说话人说 话时）正在发生或进行的动 作。常与now，right now，at this moment等时间状语连用。 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 （2）表示
12、现阶段（说话前后 一段时间内），一直在进行 的活动。 He is doing homework from 7 to 9. 从七点到九点他一直在做作业。 （3）表示按计划或安排要发 生的动作，come，go，arrive， leave，start，begin，return等。 Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点五：过去进行时 1. 过去进行时的构成：was/were动词的现在分词 （ing） 2. 用法 表示过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常 用的时间状语（标志词）有：at
13、that time；at this time yesterday；at nine oclock last night；when I saw him等。 考点梳理考点梳理 eg. At this moment yesterday，I was cleaning my room. 昨天的这个时间，我正在打扫房间。 When I saw him，he was reading a book. 当我看见他时，他在看书。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点六：现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has动词的过 去分词。 2. 过去分词的构成： 过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在 动词词尾加ed
14、；不规则变化的过去分词见九年级 教科书P184185不规则动词表。 考点梳理考点梳理 3. 用法 用法 例子 （1）表示过去发生或已经完 成的动作对现在造成的影响 或结果，常与already，yet， ever，never，just，before，in the past/last few days，so far， twice等词连用。 Have you ever cooked at home？ 你在家煮饭吗？ You have already grown much taller. 你已经长高了许多。 考点梳理考点梳理 3. 用法 用法 例子 （2）表示过去已经开始，持 续到现在的动作或状态，并
15、可 能还要延续。往往和表示一段 时间的时间状语连用，常用的 有：for一段时间；since过 去时间点或从句。（since 用来 说明动作起始时间，for用来说 明动作延续时间长度），用 how long来提问。 It has been five years since he joined the army. 他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years. 他们已学了八年的英语了。 考点梳理考点梳理 4. 现在完成时需注意的问题： （1）比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，不和 现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时
16、间状语连用，如 yesterday，last week，ago，in 1980，in October ，just now；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况， 不能与表过去的时间状语连用。 考点梳理考点梳理 I saw this film yesterday. 昨天我看这场电影。（强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. 我已经看过这场电影。（强调对现在的影响，电影 的内容已经知道了） 考点梳理考点梳理 He joined the Party three years ago. 三年前，他加入共产党。（强调加入的动作发生过 了
17、） He has been a Party member for three years. 他成为一名党员三年了。（强调他是党员） 考点梳理考点梳理 （2）have been to，have gone to和have been in 的区 别： have been to 去过，到过，暗含已经回来了。 have gone to 去某地了，在去的途中或已经 到达。 have been in 去了，并且在那里待下来。 考点梳理考点梳理 He has been to Guangzhou. 他去过广州。（现在 不在广州） He has gone to Guangzhou. 他去了广州。（现在 在广州或在
18、去广州的路上） He has been in Guangzhou for 2 days. 他去广州两 天了。 考点梳理考点梳理 （3）延续性动词和短暂性动词之间的转化 leavebe away（from） buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead come/get（back） be（back） openbe open begin/startbe on become/getbe arrive in （at） /get to/reachbe here/there join the armybe in the army/be a soldier join the leaguebe
19、in the league/be a league member marry/get marriedbe married 考点梳理考点梳理 试比较： We bought the book three years ago. 我们三年前买这本书。 We have had the book for three years. 我们买了这本书已经三年了。 I borrowed the book last week. 我上周借了这本书。 I have kept the book since last week. 我借这本书已经一周了。 His grandfather died two years ago.
20、 他的祖父两年前去世了。 His grandfather has been dead for two years. 他的祖父去世已经两年了。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点七：过去完成时 1. 过去完成时的构成：助动词had动词过去分词 。 2. 用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的 行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。 常与“by/before过去时间”构成的短语连用，或与 by the time或when引导的时间状语从句连用。 考点梳理考点梳理 eg. The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He
21、said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 By the time he got outside，the bus had already left. 当他走到外面时，公共汽车已经离开了。 When I got there，the teacher had begun his class. 当我去到那里的时候，老师已经开始上课了。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点八：过去将来时 1. 过去将来时的构成： （1）would/should动词原形 （2）was/were going to动词原形 2. 用法：表示从过去某时看将要发生的动
22、作或存在 的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。 考点梳理考点梳理 一、语法单项选择。 （ ）1. My father in a panda protection center for 10 years，so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work （ ）2. It is said that the number of
23、 forest parks in Guangdong to more than 1，000 so far. A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. will increase C C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）3. I saw the light of your room was still on at two oclock last night. Oh，I a football match of the Russia World Cup. A. watched B. was watched C. am watching D. was watch
24、ing D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）4. Highspeed trains，mobile payment， shared bikes and online shopping are called “four new great inventions” of modern China. Yes. They our life more convenient. A. made B. was making C. have been made D. have made D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. Richard went to Zhongshan Memorial Library at 2：00
25、p. m. He for almost 3 hours. He must be very tired. I see. I him up in 10 minutes. A. has studied；will pick B. studied；picked C. is studying；have picked D. has studied；pick A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. What a nice watch！How long you it？ For just two weeks. A. will；buy B. have；had C. were；having D. have；bought B
26、 中考特训中考特训 （ ）7. Unless the weather ，well have to cancel the picnic. A. improve B. improves C. improved D. will improve （ ）8. Jim，could you please answer the question？ Sorry，I . Could you say it again？ A. wasnt listening B. dont listen C. am not listening D. wont listen B A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）9. With the ra
27、pid progress in high technology， 5G around most parts of China in the near future. A. is used B. is using C. will use D. will be used D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）10. There a concert given by the top students from Yale University next Tuesday. Yes. I am looking forward to it. A. will be B. will have C. are going t
28、o be D. is going to have A 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句训练。 1. Stephen William Hawking in 2018 ， but his spirit is still encouraging us. 2. I was the dishes while my mother was sweeping the floor. 3. I think she has a good job in English so far. died washing done 中考特训中考特训 4. Listen！ Our music teacher is in the
29、music room. What a sweet voice！ 5. My family will a trip to Sanya in a week. I cant wait！ 6. We will go hiking if the weather fine tomorrow. singing take is 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练。 Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich family. She 1 in a good university and can afford everything that she want
30、s. But the people in Jeans family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact， Jean is quite lonely. So Jean 2 a lot of time chatting on QQ. She likes talking to people who do not know about her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and 3 a lot of friends. 中考特训中考特训 Last yea
31、r Jean 4 a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and he lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot the time. Of course， they w
32、anted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself to Jean. He was a tall， good-looking 中考特训中考特训 young man with a big， happy smile. As time went by ， they 5 good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other. When Jean was told that her father 6 San Francisco on busin
33、ess， she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him two of the latest DVDs of her favorite rock singer. But when she knocked at Davids door in San Francisco， she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy 7 Jim！ 中考特训中考特训
34、 （ ）1. A. study B. studies C. will study D. had study （ ）2. A. spends B. spent C. will spend D. spend （ ）3. A. will make B. had made C. make D. has made （ ）4. A. will meet B. meet C. met D. meets B A D C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. A. becomes B. became C. becoming D. become （ ）6. A. is going to B. was going to C
35、. will go to D. goes to （ ）7. A. name B. naming C. names D. named B B D 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。 As a final year student at university， it is time for me to decide what 1 next. In all my life， I have wanted to be 2 excellent teacher， and I am lucky that I 3 a place to teach a course next year. The course wi
36、ll take place in my hometown. After four years of living away from my family， I know I will find 4 very strange to live 中考特训中考特训 at home again. This isnt because I dont enjoy living at home 5 because I have got used to being an independent student. While I 6 away from home ， I had to buy everything
37、by myself. I had to pay bills and work hard to pay rent for my house 7 I lived in. Because of the economic situation in this country， it is popular among students to live at home again after they graduate. There are two reasons why 中考特训中考特训 young people cant 8 find jobs. One is the lack of jobs and
38、the other is the cost of living. I am one of the two children in my family， and my 9 sister will start studying at university next year. I didnt speak to my parents about it， but I am sure that they enjoy 10 us around！ In the coming year， I will be able to see my parents every day. However， I would
39、love to find my own house eventually when I can afford it！ 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing （ ）2. A. a B. an C. the D. / （ ）3. A. will give B. was given C. will be given D. give （ ）4. A. that B. this C. it D. its （ ）5. A. but B. and C. so D. or B B C C A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. live B. will live C. was living D. have lived （ ）7. A. who B. which C. when D. where （ ）8. A. easy B. easily C. easier D. more easily （ ）9. A. young B. more young C. youngest D. younger （ ）10. A. having B. have C. to have D. to having C B B D A 中考特训中考特训
