1、UNIT UNIT 4 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSHISTORY AND TRADITIONS A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. Marcus Garvey Whatdoyouknowaboutthebuildingsinthe photoabove?Whattraditionsofthatcity/country doyouknowabout? thePalaceof Westminster, the
2、homeofthe UKgovernment BigBen WestminsterBridge Londonhasafamoustraditioncalled“Changing oftheGuard”.ThishappensatBuckingham Palace,thehomeofthequeen.Theguardsofthe palacearechangedfornewguards.Theywear specialreduniformswithtallblackhats.There aremanyothertraditionsintheUKsuchas drinkingtea,playing
3、cricket,andeatingfishand chips. Whyisitimportanttoprotecthistoricbuildings andculturaltraditions? Itisimportanttoprotecthistoricbuildingsand culturaltraditionsbecausetheyarearecordof oursharedhistoryandtellusalotaboutwho weareasacountryandpeople. Accordingtotheunittitleandthemepicture, whatdoyouthin
4、kthisunitwillbeabout? ToknowaboutthehistoricsitesinQufu aboutConfucius ToknowaboutConfuciusandhis philosophy Torealizetheimportanceofhistoricsites DoyouknowQufu?Haveyoueverbeenthere? Whatdoyouknowaboutit? Qufu,locatedinsouthwesternShandong province,isthehometownofthewell-known ChinesephilosopherConf
5、ucius(哲学家孔子). Thethreemostfamousculturalsitesofthecity, knownas“SanKong”,havebeenlistedasa UNESCOWorldHeritageSitesince1994. Before you listen, look at some photos of Qufu. What can you say about these places? Templeof Confucius Themostfamousandlargest templehonouringthegreatsage (圣人),itisalsoaUNESC
6、O WorldHeritageSite.Itcovers 16,000squaremetresandhas460 rooms.Themainpartconsistsof ninecourtyardswithseveral gates.DachengHallstandsatthe centreandistheprincipalplace forofferingsacrificesto Confucius. KongFamily Mansion(宅第) LocatedtotheeastoftheTempleof Confucius,thiswasthehistoricalhomeofthe des
7、cendants(后代)ofConfuciusfromwhere theymanagedsitesandceremoniesinQufu. Todayitisamuseum. Cemetery(墓地) ofConfucius ThisiswhereConfuciusandhisdescendants areburied.Therearemorethan10,000of them,buriedhereover2,000years.The cemeteryhashadmanyrenovations(修复) andextensionsinitshistory. Listen to a convers
8、ation between a British tourist and a Chinese student in Qufu, and then write down what they say about Confucius. Fact/OpinionaboutConfucius William 1.Confuciusisoneofhisfavourite philosophers. 2. 3. Xiao Kong 1. 2. 3. Hewasawiseman. Helivedover2,500yearsago. Confuciushasover3million descendants. He
9、wasagreateducatorandhad manyideasabouteducation. Hewasoneofthegreatestmindsin history. Listen again and decide whether the statements are true(T), false(F) or not mentioned(NM). Then answer the question.1.Confuciussaidthatlearningwithout understandingleadstoconfusion. 2.XiaoKongisdoingaresearchproje
10、cton Confuciusphilosophy. 3.AsoneofConfuciusdescendants,Xiao Kongsnameisrecordedinthefamilytree. 4.DachengHallisthetallestbuildinginQufu. F F NM T reflecting Confuciusideasoneducation Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu? A.Therearefamoushallsinhishometown. B.Therearenotall
11、buildingsinhis hometown. C.Bothplaceshaveafamouspersonwhowas bornthere. D.Hishometowndoesntallowother buildingstobemorenoticeablethanthe historicbuildings. Understandidioms Anidiomisanexpressionwhichmeans somethingdifferentfromthemeaningof theindividualwords.Someidioms presentanideaorpaintapictureth
12、at givesahintastothemeaning.Other idiomscanonlybeunderstoodfromthe contextinwhichtheyappear. Write down the English idioms that are used in the conversation. Explain their meanings and think about some Chinese equivalents. English idiom Meaning Chinese equivalent Achilles heel pullonesleg fishoutof
13、water somethingthatis someonesweakness tojokewithsomeone Somethingwhofeels uncomfortable becausetheyareinan unfamiliarplace 弱点；要害 戏弄 如芒在背 Tobreaktheice Tocostanarmandaleg Itisrainingcatsanddogs. Tocryoverspiltmilk. Nomanisanisland. Theresnosuchthingasa freelunch. Tobethefirstone todosomething Tocost
14、lotofmone y Itisrainingvery heavily. Tobeunhappyabout whatcannotbeundone. Tobeawareof somethingthatseems freeofcostbutmay haveachargelevied inanotherform Peopleneedeachother inordertosurvive. Whatelseidiomsdoyouknow?Matchthe followingidiomswiththeirmeanings. Learningwithoutreflectingleadstoconfusion
15、. 学而不思则罔。 Reviewtheoldandlearnthenew. 温故而知新。 Makenosocialdistinctionsinteaching. 有教无类。 Tolearnandatduetimetorepeatwhatonehas learnt,isntthatafterallapleasure? 学而时习之，不亦乐乎？ Translate the following sentences and think about Confucius ideas on education. Flood WhatdoyouknowaboutConfuciusideason educatio
16、n?Thinkoftwoorthreeexamples. EducationwasoneofConfuciuscorevalues. Hebelievedlearningaboutthepastwouldhelp usknowthefuture.Healsothoughteducation helpedbringpeaceandprosperity.Healso thoughtitwasimportanttouseandapplywhat wehavelearntinoureducation. Discuss the questions in groups. Whatelsedoyouknow
17、aboutConfuciusand hisphilosophy? Confuciuswasagreatthinker,educator,and philosopher.Hisprincipleshadagreat influenceonChinesetraditionsandbeliefs.He believedstronglyinstrongfamilyloyaltyand respectforothers.Hebelievedintheso-called “goldenrule”ofphilosophy:Donotdoto otherswhatyoudonotwantotherstodot
18、o you. 一般来说，相邻的两个单词属于同一意 群时，前一词末尾的某些音素和后一词词 首的某些音素，可能连起来读。 1. 辅音+元音：相邻的两词，前一词以辅音 结尾，后一词以元音开头时。 2. r/re+元音：前一词以-r或-re结尾，后一 词以元音开头，此时r或re发/r/音，与后 面元音连读。 3.元音+元音：前一个单词以/I/或/i:/结尾， 后一个单词以元音开头时，添加/j/后连读 ；前一个单词以/u或/u:/结尾，后一个单 词以元音开头时，添加/w/后连读。 Read this part of the poem “If” written by British poet Rudyar
19、d Kipling. Notice the linking sounds. Then mark the linking sounds after the model. If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss; If you can force your heart and nerve an
20、d sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: “Hold on!” If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a wo
21、rd about your loss; If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: “Hold on!” Repeat the poem after the recording. Thinkaboutahistoricsitethatyouhave visited,andwriteapassagetogivean introductiontoitshistoryandimportance.
