1、Unit 4 History and Traditions WHATS IN A NAME P40 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking P40-2.mp3 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, Englandmany people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history w
2、ill help you solve this puzzle. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdo
3、m of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: the United Kingdom or the UK. People fr
4、om the UK are called British, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However,
5、 they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions li
6、ke the World Cup! The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times
7、 throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The v
8、ikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes
9、to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city
10、London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both
11、 new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, Englandmany people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to
12、 know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. WHATS IN A NAMEWHATS IN A NAME In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 1
13、9th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most pe
14、ople just use the shortened name: the United Kingdom or the UK. People from the UK are called British, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Unio
15、n Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and nationa
16、l dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evi
17、dence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo- Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnin
18、gs of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known the Normansthe Normans Bat
19、tle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom
20、. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient
21、relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.Discovering Useful Structures P42 新人教版Book 2 Unit 4 History and Tradition
22、s Underline the sentences below in the text and find out the past participles. And then discuss their functions. 1. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. 2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack,. 3. They had castles built all around England,. Presentat
23、ion as the object complementas the object complement as the attributeas the attribute as the attributeas the attribute The United Kingdom, Great Britain, England many people are confused by. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. as the attributeas the at
24、tribute Then find more sentences with the -ed form in the text. as the attributeas the attribute 过去分词或过去分词短语在句中 可作定语或宾语补足语。 Past Participles as the Attribute (1) tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in t
25、he left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases. Past Participles as the Attribute (2) visitors _ of the long wait/. a trip _ well by my workplace/. stars _ beautifully at the event/. tired organised dressed 过去分词过去分词 Past Participles (1)Past Participles (1) Summary 过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动
26、词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不 规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语（the attribute）、宾语补足语（the object complement）、表语（the predicative）和状语 （the adverbial），但不能单独构成谓语。 1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完 成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作 的承受者，且该动作已经完成。如： I dont like the book written by Martin.(=which was written by Martin). 我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 2.
27、不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不 表示被动。如： The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall. 秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。 3. 过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非 一一、过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义：、过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义： 限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况 ，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 The bridge, built last year (=which was built last year), is in use now. 这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。 二二、过去分词作
28、定语时的位置：、过去分词作定语时的位置： 1. 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即 放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也 可放在被修饰词之后。如： The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。 2. 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即 放在被修饰词之后。 The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。 三、过去分词作宾语补足语三、过去分词作宾语补足语： 1. 用于feel, fi
29、nd, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态 的动词后作宾语补足语。如： When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护 士包围着。 2. 用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词 后作宾语补足语。 He narrowly had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the ot
30、her day. 几天前当他骑马时，他的腿差点摔断。 三、过去分词作宾语补足语三、过去分词作宾语补足语： 3. 用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。如： The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。 4. 用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表 示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. 老板命令计划尽可能块地被
31、执行。 The new product finally passed the required test. It is a house built by the Romans. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. Unfortunately he had his leg broken yesterday. Practice Read the sentences and match. as the object complement as the attribute_ _ 1. Judy and I had our car parked in an un
32、derground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged. 2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left. 3. We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount o
33、f noise at the entrance of the national Gallery. Read the sentences and underline the -ed form as the object complement. Read the sentences and underline the -ed form as the object complement. 4. Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Goghs Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so m
34、any people around. 5. She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely. 1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing. 2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homem
35、ade. Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute. Production Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey. 3. The familys ancestors once attended to soldier
36、s who were wounded in the First World War. 4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill. Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute. The familys ancestors once attended
37、 to wounded soldiers in the First World War. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill. Then see whether you can write a little story with them. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazin
38、g. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey. The familys ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars p
39、ositioned on the hill. Thank you! Thank you!Listening Speaking P38-39 新人教版Book 2 Unit 4 History and Traditions Is it important for a people to know their Is it important for a people to know their history and traditions? Why?history and traditions? Why? A people without the knowledge of their past s
40、tory, A people without the knowledge of their past story, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. origin and culture is like a tree without roots. -Marcus Gavey -Marcus Gavey What do you know about Chinese history What do you know about Chinese history and traditionsand traditions？ What do
41、you know from the picture?What do you know from the picture? Confucius Confucius Pre-listening Watch a video to know more about Confucius. There are some famous sayings from Confucius. What else do you know? Do you know Qufu? Have you been there? What do you know about it? Temple of Confucius Temple
42、 of Confucius Kong Family MansionKong Family Mansion Cemetery of Confucius Cemetery of Confucius While-listening Listen to the conversation between a British tourist and a Chinese student in Qufu. Listen again and write down what they say about Confucius. Fact/ Opinion about Confucius William 1 Conf
43、ucius is one of his favourite philosophers. 2 3 Xiao Kong 1 2 3 He was a wise man. He lived over 2,500 years ago. Confucius has over 3 million descendants. He was a great educator and had many ideas about education. He was one of the greatest minds in history. Listen again and decide whether these s
44、tatements are true(T), false(F), or not mentioned(NM). Then answer the question. 1 Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion. _ 2 Xiao Kong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy. _ 3 As one of Confucius descendants, Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family
45、tree. _ 4 Dacheng Hall is the tallest building in Qufu. _ F F NM T Listen again and decide whether these statements are true(T), false(F), or not mentioned(NM). Then answer the question. l Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu? A There are famous halls in his hometown. B The
46、re are no tall buildings in his hometown. C Both places have a famous person who was born there. D His hometown doesnt allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings. Understanding idiomsUnderstanding idioms An idiom is an expression which means something different from the
47、meaning of the individual words. Some idioms present an idea or paint a picture that gives a hint as to the meaning. Other idioms can only be understood from the context in which they appear. English idiom Meaning Chinese equivalent Achilles heel pull ones leg fish out of water Write down the Englis
48、h idioms that are used in the conversation. Explain their meanings and think about some of Chinese equivalents. sth. that is sbs weakness to joke with sb. Sb. who feels uncomfortable because they are in an unfamiliar place 弱点；要害 戏弄 如芒在背 After-listening Learning without reflecting leads to confusion.
49、 学而不思则罔 Review the old and learn the new. 温故而知新 Make no social distinctions in teaching. 有教无类 To learn and at due time to repeat what one has learnt, isnt that after all a pleasure? 学而时习之，不 亦说乎？ Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. 己所不欲勿施于人 Confucius ideas Confucius ideas on education on education Education was one of Confucius core values. He believed learning about the past would help us know the future. He also thought education helped our confidence which would help bring peace and pros
