1、八年级下册期末复习：阅读理解专项训练八年级下册期末复习：阅读理解专项训练 6 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择 最佳选项。 A Every year, many inventions are introduced to the world. Some help us solve problems. Others make life easier, or more fun. Here are four of last years best inventions. LUMI was designed for music lovers. “We hop
2、e that LUMI can help people who have just started learning how to play music,” says the inventor Will MacNamara. The small Lumi keyboard lights up, allowing users to know which keys to press. And with the LUMI app, users can learn their favorite songs. Millions of people around the world have to fac
3、e the problem of unsafe food. Marc Oshima says his indoor farming technology can help. Instead of growing in dirt, crops grow in reusable cloth. The plants are watered with mist. This requires 95% less water than field farming. For people who are blind, the ORCAM MYEYE 2 could be a game changer. It
4、might also prove useful for people with reading difficulties. Described as “talking glasses”, it can read text aloud. Amnon Shashua invented the technology. Christine Schindler is an engineer. She wanted to help stop the spread of foodborne illnesses, so she created PATHSPOT. It uses light to scan (
5、扫描) a persons hands for harmful germs. Restaurant workers hold their hands under the scanner. Then the scanner decides whether they should be rewashed. 1. LUMI was designed for _. A. indoor farmers B. music lovers C. blind people D. restaurant workers 2. Who is the inventor of the ORCAM MYEYE 2? A.
6、Will MacNamara. B. Marc Oshima. C. Amnon Shashua. D. Christine Schindler. 3. Where can we probably read this passage? A. A medical website. B. A travel guide. C. A school notice. D. A science magazine. B This Family Keeps Their Community Warm by Cutting Firewood for Those in Need Washington is home
7、to lots of treesit is the Evergreen State, after alland it has lots of fireplaces and wood-burning heaters too. But what if you lived there and couldnt cut wood or couldnt afford to pay someone to do it? Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, are happy to help. The t
8、hree men cut truckloads of woodthen give it to those in need. The idea actually started as a father-son relationship project, Shane told . “I cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it,” said Shane. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer cutting. The result was
9、a great wall of wood piled up (堆积) around their house. To buy that much it would cost about $10,000. It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted online: “IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFF
10、ORD IT, PLEASE PM personal message ME! . If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD.” The response (反应) was immediate. One man offered to donate (捐赠) a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shanes house with more wood. One woman,
11、noticing the photo of the McDaniels, started to feel warm in other ways: “I dont need the wood. But I am truly happy for what you have done!” Single mom Katelyn Ticer, 29, and her four-year-old daughter depended on a wood-burning stove as their only way of heat, so it was so good to receive a truckl
12、oad of firewood from the McDaniels. “To get that much wood brought me to tears,” she told . “So much stress and worry is off my shoulders. I couldnt be more thankful.” Shane is ready to help more people. “Giving is the reward,” he said. “It has nothing to do with how well its received; its about how
13、 much its needed.” 4. What did Shane and his sons do to help their neighbors? A. They gave firewood to those in need. B. They bought wood-burning stoves. C. They raised about 10,000 dollars. D. They paid someone to cut wood. 5. What happened after Shane posted messages online? A. His family received
14、 lots of presents. B. Some people quickly offered to help. C. Lots of wood piled up around their house. D. The weather suddenly turned freezing cold. 6. What did Shane think of what he had done to help others? A. Being needed drives us to give. B. Love is not giving but receiving. C. Helping others
15、is just helping ourselves. D. Its better to help people fish than to give them fish. C It Is Never Too Early to Thinkand Communicatelike a Scientist Who is a scientist and what is his job? A chemist doing experiments? A geologist out studying rocks? When most people think about science, they imagine
16、 characters making discoveries or finding cures (治疗方法) for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicatingsharing the results of that work. Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understa
17、nd the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of disc
18、overy. Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done? How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible? Researchers publish their work
19、in scientific journals (期刊). These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals
20、before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limit
21、ations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process. Frontiers for YoungMinds is a scientific journal, written forand reviewed byyoung people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. How
22、ever, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an expert, young reviewers read the article to se
23、e if any part of the article is hard to understand, make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done, and check whether the figures (数据) clearly explain the point of the article. Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask ques
24、tions, learn new things, and dont forget the importance of communicating your findings. 7. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What is required to be a good scientist. B. Who should understand a scientists job. C. Why sharing the results of scientific work is important. D. How scientists make sure
25、their work is clear and correct. 8. From the passage we can know that _. A. scientists are good at working together with others B. young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals C. in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers D. young reviewers help make articles in Frontie
26、rs for Young Minds more readable 9. What is the writers main purpose in writing this passage? A. To introduce how scientists do their jobs. B. To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions. C. To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals. D. To encourage young people t
27、o think and communicate like scientists. D Why Wisdom (智慧智慧) Doesnt Work as Well as We Think It Does We relate wisdom to age. Most of us believe that gaining wisdom is like picking up stones on a path: the longer youre on the path, the more stones youll collect. It seems a reasonable inference, then
28、, the older you are, the more wisdom you have. Older people usually make fewer careless mistakes, and they often know the best course of action in a given situation. But I think theres another explanation at play here, which we might consider in the light of what we know about human decision-making.
29、 There are two different ways of decision-making: plans and habits. Heres an example of how these ways differ. If youre driving somewhere for the first time, youll need a plan. You will need to know whether to turn left or right, because you dont already have that information stored away in your hea
30、d. On the other hand, you dont need a plan when youre going somewhere familiar (熟 悉的) because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. But if you find that the road is blocked by fallen trees, youll have to think about another way. Such a plan allows you to more easily deal
31、with new situations, but they require a lot more attention. The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. A baby cant use habits to make decisions, because any situation shes in will be a new one. As we build up a store of familiar situations, the more we can depend on habits. Th
32、e older you are, the more likely your behavior is based on tried-and-true habits rather than fresh planning. But what does this tell us about wisdom? Well, it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings (环境). The reason that wisdom se
33、ems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation. But it also makes a worrying prediction: if older people were put in a new situation, with which they had no familiarity, they wouldnt make better decisio
34、ns than someone who is young. It is the same with mistakes. Older, seemingly wiser people make fewer mistakes because theyre familiar with surroundings they often deal with. If you controlled for the familiarity of the situation, then people in different age groups would probably make the same numbe
35、r of mistakes. Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans. While wisdom gives you expertise within a particular environment, it doesnt mean that youll be able to generalize that to new experiences. Its not that we necessarily get wiser as we
36、get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes. 10. What do we know about the two ways of decision-making according to the passage? A. Using plans or habits to make decisions is an ever-changing process. B. The use of plans and habits requires lots of attent
37、ion and effort. C. When going somewhere familiar, we need to work out a plan. D. Younger people depend more on habits to make decisions. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. Younger people have a great advantage in becoming wiser. B. Older people are better at making careful plans before actio
38、n. C. Older people seem wiser because theyve stored more habitual information. D. Younger people make more mistakes when theyre in unfamiliar surroundings. 12. What does the underlined word “static” probably mean in Paragraph 5? A. Uncontrolled. B. Unchanged. C. Increasing. D. Surprising. 13. What i
39、s the writers main purpose in writing this passage? A. To stress the importance of gaining wisdom. B. To compare the two different ways of decision-making. C. To call on younger people to learn more from older people. D. To remind us to view the wisdom of older people reasonably. 参考答案参考答案 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D
